Economic Justice and Democratization of Economy to make Moral SocietyBy Prof Viswanathan, Director, Worldwide Socio-Economic Studies Bureau E Mail Id? economist@dataone. in DECLARATION OF JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTSWe, the people of all the countries, in harmony with the sovereignty regarding the Universal Justice hold these truths to be self-evident that every creator has inalienable Right to Ownership on his creations and the Natural laws empowers the creators that only he should use his creations exclusively for the welfare and uplift regarding the person society like a whole, in which he is an inseparable member. We declare with all judicial power derived from Natural laws that between all creations of man, his creation of capital alone has enormous economic power capable of transforming all the socio-economic-political structures and reconstitute them to suit the aspirations regarding the owners of capital. We distant declare in unequivocal terms since the capital is created by the collective labor regarding the people like an entire it should be directly owned by the people and then only the people should secure equal Economic power and requisite Fundamental Economic Rights with which they should establish an Moral Society within the method in which they desire. In accordance with Economic Justice when the capital is directly owned by the people, we declare that the people should naturally secure what we think about the greatest between the Fundamental Economic Rights like Right to live, Right to work, Right to Economic Equality, Right to economic liberty, Right to Economic Security, Right to participate within the management, Right to capital creation, Right to live with fraternity, and requisite socio-economic-political rights to pursuit of decent happinessWe distant proclaim when the people secure the above mentioned fundamental rights they should succeed ultimately to establish an Moral Society or Just Society for which they were tirelessly striving in transforming one shape of society into another since the dawn of civilization, and to execute their noble concept of One World, One Government, and One Humanity and within the end the people should be victorious in choosing what shape of Economic System that should be the greatest of all other processes for the establishment of an Moral Society for which they should secure all requisite authorities of Natural laws that bestow on them.
Emergence of Economic Systems:Different economic processes had emerged on the horizon regarding the the past of mankind whenever different kinds of Capital Ownership sprang up. Mostly capitalism and socialism emerged subsequent to non-residential revolution on the determinant factor of capital ownership. Generally in all economic processes the ownership of capital forms the simple structure of a society on which the fabrics of super structure of society are determined. The super structure usually exhibits the qualitative fabrics of society for example religion, culture, education, laws, customs and conventions etc. which are determined regarding to the aspirations regarding the owners of capital.
In brief the corporate elements are dependent factors of capital ownership. During the turbulent period of 1750s when Non-residential Revolution burst upon the England and other European countries it introduced gigantic machines a kind of capital within the factory system of production of products and services. It engulfed the mankind like huge deluge and tossed the earth societies and changed each and every super structural elements of society in such a manner not to even to trace out their originality. We, the people, at that period were deeply perplexed and confused what to do as we were within the vicinity of utter economic ignorance. 3 Economic Affidavits:During Non-residential Revolution the economic environments within the factory system was not only in muddle but also demoralizing the societies.
No one had any knowledge how the economy was operating and how should it be operated. Everyone was expecting for the worst to come. Whole Europe was plunged into utter ignorance. At that crucial period of time it was Adam Smith, the Father of Economics, published his well-known pamphlet An enquiry into the Nature and Cause regarding the Wealth of Nations in 1776. Economic Affidavit of Adam Smith: In his pamphlet Adam Smith spelt out an Economic Affidavit solemnly and sincerely that if we, the people, entrusted our capital to a little capitalists within the name of Capitalism Individualism, they should structure of atom even the sand into gold but also drive the mankind to march towards an Moral Society by modernizing production potentialities with the help of scientific technologies and division of labor.
Completely ignoring the working class who constitutes the society, Adam Smith concentered and focused his interest on a little capitalists and advocated that they without the interference of State should accumulate wealth of nations with the help of division of labor creating use of modern machines and assured that the little independent capitalists should moreover make a favorable climate for the establishment of Moral Society by increasing production many folds. Adam Smith completely neglected the equitable distribution of wealth to the mass working class. He linked the establishment of an moral society with the mass production but not equitable distribution of wealth. Thus he misguided the whole world convincingly and decisively for an extended period during which the working class was thrown into appalling poverty and horrible living hood. Ricardo and Malthus, drawing he thread of arguments from the wisdom of Adam Smith, eloquently presented their views in favor of a little capitalists and equally convinced the people to surrender their capital within the possession of capitalists who should solve all the socioeconomic problems of mankind.
Thus when the people entrusted their capital within the hands of a little capitalists a Capitalistic Mode of Production emerged with tough magnitudes in England and some other European countries. This capitalistic mode of production, shattering hitherto existing highly valuable cultures and customs of people, created a complex and conflicting, and highly demoralizing Capitalistic Society. The newly emerged capitalistic Society forced the corporate elements for example law, art, culture, customs, religion, teaching and other economic and political rights and liberties to work for the benefit and security of a little capitalists due to the fact that on their welfare the welfare of mass working class was depending on. The capitalistic mode of production converted the Right to live of mass working class into a dependent factor regarding the security regarding the capitalist class who owned the capital and modern factories. This was due to the fact that if a capitalist collapsed with his factory, the livelihood regarding the workers working in that factory should also collapse.
So all the corporate elements ranging from religion to person liberty had to work for the security of a little capitalists. Thus the Moral Society which the people dreamt for long span of time became a myth and mirage. Within the capitalistic mode of production the Moral Society was meant by Capitalistic Society representing a little capitalists. Counter Economic Affidavit of Karl Marx: Possessing abundant flow of sympathy on the exploited mass working class and endless stream of hatred on the capitalists who caused for the appalling poverty of workers the mentally and morally agitated Karl Marx and Engels declared a Counter Affidavit in 1848 in their Communist Manifesto and Karl Marx alone in 1867 in his magnum opus the Das Capital. In their counter affidavit they advocated that if We, the people, forfeited our capital from the little capitalists with the help of Bolsheviks communists and entrusted the capital within the hands regarding the State below the manage of Proletariat Dictatorship, that the State should lead us Towards an Moral Society and establish One World.
Believing their Counter Affidavit phrase by word, within the October Revolution of 1917 we forfeited our capital from the little capitalists and handed over it to the trustworthy regarding the State. The State introduced a Socialistic mode of production and on the basis of this, a fearful and subjugating Socialistic Society emerged. The working class was engulfed with awe and fearsome and terribly perplexed on the outcome regarding the Revolution and utterly disappointed for not even tracing any hope of achieving Moral Society which their Bolshevik masters promised during the Revolution. Within the words of Karl Marx? In a higher phase of communist society, subsequent to the enslaving subordination regarding the lone to the division of labor, and therewith also the antithesis between mental and physical labor has vanished; subsequent to labor has grow to not only a means of life but lifes prime want; subsequent to the productive forces have also increased with the all-round development regarding the individual, and all the springs of cooperative wealth flow abundantly - only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe in its banners? From each regarding to his ability, to each regarding to his needs!-- Marx 1875, pp 21-23Karl Marx and Engels were not alive at that time of October Revolution. They were good champions for working class and buts about it.
They worried wept for working class, they suffered for working class, they sacrificed everything for the working class, and above all they were exiled, mostly Karl Marx, from place to place for the cause of working class, and they really wanted to look the working class of all the countries in an Moral Society. But the October Revolution in Russia proved that their Theory and Practice did not coordinate with each other and did not function in harmony. There was something wrong within the Theory and practice which resulted in utter collapse of Socialism at the end process. What was the fault that penetrated for its collapse?I have similar to streak of opinion in respect of Adam Smith and Malthus as well. I know when they advocated that we, the people, should entrust our capital within the possession of little capitalists, they believed that the capitalists should not exploit the working class.
But when their theories place into practice it was the selfish capitalists who manipulated their theories as convenient and convincing tools to exploit the mass working class. It was the capitalists who portrayed the theories in a darkest dark when they place them in practice due to the fact that of their selfish motives. In other words there was unbridgeable disparity a deep large chasm between the theory and practice which the capitalists utilized it to fulfill their selfish motive of maximization of profit in exploiting the mass working class. What was the terrible fault that was penetrating here also? Though the original proponents of capitalistic and socialistic theories were not enemies of working class, the executors of these theories, the capitalists on one paw and the State on the other paw misled the working class for their selfish motives. The primary fault was that we, the people, instead of retaining the capital with us, separating ourselves into 3 diametrically opposite poles, surrendered our capital to a little capitalists in West European and North American countries and to State in Russia, China and other East European countries.
The inherent contradictions that deeply and widely penetrated within the theories and practices regarding the 3 economic processes originated a fierce vicious spiral and exploded like a Large Bang and scattered distant violently but suddenly all the socio-economic problems throughout the earth like inextinguishable fire balls. Instead of establishing an Moral Society these 3 systems, even subsequent to a prolonged period of experiments, have pushed the mankind at the verge of nuclear holocaust and large spread day - to-day terrorism. Democrism Peoples Direct Ownership of Capital: As long as higher than 200 years, Capitalism had left no avenues unexplored to establish an Moral Society but disastrously collapsed during 1930s throughout the earth due to the compression of its own mass of self contradictions and brutal ambition of maximization of profit. On the similar to footing, Communism too subsequent to exerting all methods of cruel tortures Stalins roughshod treatment regarding the kulaks within the name of Proletariat Dictatorship for nearly 75 destroyed itself in 1992 in its own breeding place. As most the processes are now struggling for their own survival, they have now decided to end the cold war between them.
Since the most the processes pushed us into good disappointments and they did not effective economic techniques to solve our economic problems in accordance with Economic Justice, we, the people, hereby declare to forfeit our own capital most from the capitalists and the State and retain it below our direct ownership in peaceful manner or by force if necessity demands and make an special economic system known as Democrism on the basis of peoples Direct Ownership of Capital and we, distant declare the Natural Laws have entrusted upon us all executive powers to do so as our birth right. On the Peoples Direct Ownership of Capital a just economic system known as Democrism shall within the earth and it shall give us Democratic Mode of Production that is an inevitable should for the establishment of an Moral or Just Society. I venture to speak in short,Capitalism is well-known and popularly defective;Socialism is destructive and destructively popular; Democrism is justifiable and justifiably inevitable. Whatever race we relate to, whatever language we speak to, whatever color we close to, whatever religion we follow to, whatever nation we belong to, we are always being influenced by justice and by its emphatic authority of supremacy. The laws should be in transient from time to time, and vary from place to country, but the concept of justice remains illuminant everywhere.
We need justice, only the justice and nothing but the justice. Throughout the long passage of the past we have honored justice; we have kept in high esteem the men of justice right from king Solomon to Gandhiji. We have unshakable faith that justice is perpetual and ever pervading. We have always fought for justice and it has united us without any discrimination. In his pamphlet Anatomy of Liberty, William O.
Douglas, the Justice to the United States Supreme Court, says this truth in every respect as follows: The appetite for justice is indeed a cementing influence amon all races, whatever language they speak, whatever of their skin-Douglas,William O. Anatomy of Liberty p: xxiv ? 1965 The universal fact is that if there is justice there should be harmony and immortality. The scientific facts are immortal due to the fact that they can be based on experimental truths. On the other paw if the socio-economic-political principles need to be immortal they should based on justice, only the justice and nothing but justice and perhaps on natural justice. The capitalistic and socialistic principles lack application of justice and that is why they struggle vainly to solve our life problems and they can be marching towards their final destiny - the inevitable grave yard.
Keeping the above facts in mind I have with utmost like and concern formulated the economic principles on the natural justice within the name of DEMOCRISM which shall secure universal acceptability. The genesis of all natural justices is to uphold Peoples Direct Ownership of Capital for which we need to forfeit our capital from the little capitalists and the State. Why? Peoples Direct Ownership of Capital? Howcome do we want? 1. Denying the natural justice of Right to live by Capitalism and Socialism: Capital promotes and intensifies war We, the people of all the countries, unanimously hate intensely the wars which germinate in any shape or for any cause. Naturally we are peace loving people.
Despite our tough protests the wars have been fought all over the earth and billions and billions of innocent people possessing no association with the war, have been brutally killed and massacred and the skeletons of these people have been heaped like mountains in graveyards. What cause underlies for these wars? The answer is basically one phrase the capital. It is the Ownership of Capital by a little capitalists or the State that attributes for all kinds of war that negates ones Right to live within the name of patriotism in particular. Let us for time being set aside the wars fought prior to Non-residential Revolution. The factory system facilitated for the production of weapons of mass destruction that shall be employed from the land, from the ocean and from the air.
The whole world turned into reveal battle field for the nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles, supersonic jets, different kinds of military rockets and the military satellites orbiting the earth. Whatever may be the causes of First and 2nd World Wars, but their consequences were horrible that pushed the mankind to the very verge of its extinction from the earth planet. Why?Wars prior to and subsequent to Non-residential Revolution: Prior to the industrialization the wars were fought on a critical battle fields and between 3 hostile warriors only. The section of destruction was very narrow and limited in coverage due to the fact that the warriors used only spears and swords. The weapons were manufactured in cottage industries or by the warriors themselves.
Natural boundaries like mountains, rivers, oceans and good deserts prevented the enemies to enter into a independent country. After non-residential revolution, weapons of mass destruction were produced with the help of highly sophisticated technologies with help of huge capital in factories owned by a little capitalists and the State. The natural bounties disappeared and the whole world became reveal battle field. These weapons were maneuvered only by the highly skilled technocrats. The technocrats used these weapons on the common innocent people to terrorize the enemy-governments to surrender immediately.
For example, in World War II USA used nuclear atom bombs to bombard on millions of Japanese civilians and terrorized the government to surrender without fighting within the battle field. Nowadays the battle fields are disappeared and the whole world has grow to reveal battle field within the face of mighty ballistic missiles and nuclear atom bombs. They shall be produced only with the help of scientists and huge capital owned by the State and a little capitalists. As long as the capital is owned by the State and little capitalists we cannot escape from nuclear holocaust. Originally Capital was created by the working class to assist them to increase their productivity of consumption goods.
As soon as the capital went into the illegal ownership of State and Capitalists it was used for the production of mass destructive weapons. If we scrutinize the expenditure regarding the earth governments we can detect that a large portion of government expenditure was allocated for military up gradation than for the promotion of teaching and elimination of poverty. ECONOMIC THEORY OF WAR? Firstly if the accumulation of destructive capital increases the temptation for war shall increase and vice versa. The destructive capital means the capital that is used for the production of destructive weapons used by military forces. Secondly the difference in economic ideology of a place prompts it to increase its military power to display its ideological success over the other place and spread its ideology over other countries through war.
For example USA and Russia used war like a weapon to spread their capitalistic and socialistic ideologies over other countries. The pages of recent past the past shall illustrate the fact and also the reason for accumulation of nuclear weapons and other many different variations of scientific weapons of mass destruction. Thirdly on the globalization of world economy the capitalist wealthy countries invest huge volume of their excessive capital in poor and developing countries. Sequential to protect their huge capital from nationalization by the beneficiary countries a mighty military force is compulsory by the investing countries. For instance the American war and threatening of war over Arabian countries to protect her huge capital invested in exploration of petrol and fuel industries.
Now American capitalists are investing billion and billions of dollar in I T industries of India and other developing countries. The American capitalists know that they can protect their capital by their countrys military power. If any place try to nationalize these industries it shall result in war. Fourthly the over production of non-residential products by wealthy countries force them to dump their over production in poor countries through their military power. Economic reason for 3 world wars? Virtually subsequent to Non-residential Revolution in most regarding the European countries the capital was owned by a little individuals.
Since the very aim of capitalism was maximization of profit the workers were paid fewer and it resulted in deficiency of effective demand which caused for over production. These European countries occupied the poor countries by their military power and converted them as their political colonies and with the concept of Free Trade, they dumped their over-production within the colonies and also exploited the wealth regarding the colonies. India was the notorious example for that. With the help of exploited wealth these mother countries strengthened mainly their military power. The security and security regarding the other Dictatorial European countries which had State or fewer lone Ownership of Capital were in jeopardy and unprotected in front regarding the mighty capitalist countries.
On detection regarding the geographical track these countries located that there were no countries within the earth to occupy them as their colonies for exploitation sequential to increase their wealth and thereby their military power. These lately wakened dictatorial countries sniffed the fact that their political and military supremacy should be pulled below rapidly on the downward track. Sequential to surpass the supremacy regarding the Capitalistic European Countries the Dictatorial European Countries, located no other alternative except war on the Capitalistic European Countries and on their colonies all over the world. The lust for supremacy over the other countries forced them to wage 3 world wars. Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe due to the fact that for the sake of supremacy.
Ayn Rand emphatically points out the genesis for the 3 world wars in his pamphlet Capitalism as follows:World War I was started by monarchist Germany and Czarist Russia,who dragged in their freer allies. World War II was started by alliance ofNazi Germany with the Soviet Russia and their attack on Polland - Rand Ayn? Capitalism: The Unknown Moral New American Library-1967 p:37 In this nuclear age we witness a political and economic turbulence all over the earth for a mad race for military equilibrium and economic supremacy. Most the Capitalism and Socialism have no blue-print to terminate the opportunity for Third World War. The wealthy capitalist and socialist countries need to grow to richer and richer by pushing the vast majority of poor countries to grow to poorer and poorer as per World Economic Reports. At present the silent turbulence boiling within the poor countries shall burst into a Third World War which should be fought between the wealthy northern countries and the poor southern countries regarding the earth and result in nuclear holocaust.
That is howcome the USA is very keen on preventing the proliferation of nuclear technology between the southern countries creating use of its military might. The only method left for the mankind to stop the flow of ever threatening danger of nuclear war is the execution of economic equality by wealthy countries in extending their helping paw to poor countries to pull them up from poverty and to reduce the economic imbalance between wealthy and poor. The capitalist countries shall not permit the economic equality within and without but fight for upholding their economic supremacy which should be the ultimate cause for the Third World War. We, the people, therefore, have no other alternative except to forfeit our capital from the capitalists and the State and retain it below our Direct Ownership to coordinate with the command of Natural Laws to keep the mankind. Consequences of World wars and destructive capital:The First World War was fought between 1914 and 1918.
During the span of 5 years the war was fought violently 120 million seconds. Nearly 48 million people within soldiers were dead and wounded. In other words in every 10 seconds 5 people were killed neither dead or wounded. Nehru, Jawaharlal? Glimpses World History? p. 637In the 2nd World War When the war was virtually approaching its end, on 6th August, 1945 an Atom bomb by name Little Boy an special war mechanical system that the mankind hitherto not ever experienced was dropped on Hiroshima.
With in 10 seconds one million innocent people were killed. First world war took 10 seconds to kill 5 people but the 2nd world war, at its end, took 10 seconds to kill one million innocent people. The annihilation depends on the density of population of a village on which an atom bomb drops on. The Super Powers like USA and Russia, have now heaped in their arsenal million times more powerful atom bombs than the one that was dropped on Hiroshima. No doubt the atom bombs that dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were invented by the nuclear scientists.
The billion dollar question is whether the scientists produced them with their bare hands or in cottage industries or in sophisticated industries created by huge capital. No capitalist shall ever afford such huge capital for the production of weapons of mass destruction due to the fact that their aim is always maximization of profit. Only the State can siphon huge capital for the production of atomic bombs only with the help scientists to threaten the other countries and to like the status of super powers. Though the atom bombs are the brain-children of atomic physicists the capital compulsory to manufacture them is funded only by the governments secretly against the wishes regarding the people. As long as the capital is owned by the governments, irrespective of Socialist or Capitalist governments, they provide huge capital for the production of atom bombs sequential to achieve military supremacy over other countries or to attain at fewest an equilibrium in military power.
Extensively it is the hard-core radical politicians brain wash the people below the guise of patriotism, Local security and Local pride for the production of atom bombs and other ballistic weapons. Since most regarding the atomic scientists are the government scientists they need to make atom bombs at the insistence of governments within the name of local security. In 1943 the Manhatten Project Lab at Los Alamos, New Mexico, withJ. Robert Oppenheimer as its director, was assigned the task of developing anatom bomb. First test at Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, was an outstandingsuccess the desert sand was fused to glass for hundreds of yards around thethe site.
In August 3 atom bombs were dropped on Japan. Hiroshima inaugurated not only an special age of science but an special kind of scientists-the government servants whose knowledge and talent are an important component of thenational arsenal. Furthermore, the scientists were now many more conscious of theirsocial position and responsibilities. This was true in all advanced non-residential countries, place particularly within the United States and the Soviet Union. Presumably, Sovietscientists were satisfied to follow the dictates of government leaders, but subsequent to WorldWar II, Oppenheimer and other American scientists entered into a good debate over the human, political and corporate implications of atomic science and a profound searching of their own consciences.
Oppenheimer resisted the building regarding the hydrogen bomb - a many more devastating weapon than the bombs used against Japan - within the early1950s, and he created important enemies. When Oppenheimers security clearance waswithdrawn in 1954, a good outcry from his colleagues expressed higher than personalindignation. The Frankenstein myth appeared to be true, and the monster had lockedthe scientist out of his own laboratory. Sure branches of scientific studies are not only secret today, they can be expensive secrets; the cyclotrons and reactors regarding the 1960s are distant beyond the means of any university or other institution without government support. Western Civilization? Its Genesis and Destiny III 1970; pp:528-529 I can arrive 3 conclusions from deducing the above historical facts:Firstly, we need to free the atomic scientists from the clutches of governments.
Secondly, we need to forfeit our capital from the hands of governments and to hold it below our own manage and possession. Unless we, the people, forfeit our own capital from the governments and restore peoples direct ownership of capital we should not prevent the governments from the mad race for producing weapons of mass destruction ranging from AK-47 to atom bombs of 20,000 megaton attack When we pay the tax-money to the governments, we intend tacitly that they should provide it to solve our poverty; but they not ever do so. In a speech on April 16, 1953, President Eisenhower said? Every gun is fired, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, within the final sense, a theft from those that hunger and are not fed, those that are cold and are not clothed The price of one modern heavy bomber is this: an up to date brick college in higher than thirty cities We pay for a lone fighter with a 1/2 million bushels of wheat. We pay for a lone destroyer with new homes that should have housed higher than eight thousand peopleThis is not a method of life at all, in any true sense. Below the cloud of threatening war, it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron.
Smythe of Illinois said, Billions for defense but not a cent for socialism. It is not socialism to have the government provide 50 billion dollars for weapons; it should be socialism if the government spent the similar to quantity for teaching or for public works. When we entrusted our capital to the capitalist as well as the socialist governments we constituted a tacit Economic Contract with governments. First and foremost element regarding the Economic Contract was that the governments should utilize our capital to solve our simple economic problems for example poverty, unemployment, economic disparity etc. But the governments in violation regarding the Economic Contract have spent our capital to destroy our own survival by engaging within the production of weapons- mass-destruction.
The governments with the help of scientists make many different variations of ballistic missiles and nuclear bombs and test them day in day out to display their scientific genius and military power to other governments. The accumulation of such deadly weapons have now pushed the mankind to the very verge of nuclear holocaust. We, the people of all the countries, therefore, need to recover our capital from the governments and to hold it below our own manage and ownership to preserve a perpetual world peace, our birth right. Little Boy is the nick name provided to the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. It was Monday morning.
Little Boy was dropped from the Enola Gay, one regarding the B-29 bombers that flew over Hiroshima on that day. Little BoyAfter being released, it took about a minute for Little Boy to reach the spot of explosion. Little Boy exploded at approximately 8:15 a. Japan Standard Time when it reached an altitude of 2,000 ft above the building that is currently called the A-Bomb Dome. The July 24, 1995 issue of Newsweek writes: A bright light filled the plane, wrote Lt.
Paul Tibbets, the pilot regarding the Enola Gay, the B-29 that dropped first atomic bomb. We turned return to look at Hiroshima. The village was hidden by that awful cloud. boiling up, mushrooming. For a moment, no one spoke.
Then everyone was talking. Look at that! Look at that! Look at that! exclaimed the co-pilot, Robert Lewis, pounding on Tibbets's shoulder. Lewis spoke about he should try atomic fission; it tasted like lead. Then he turned distant to write in his journal. My God, he asked himself, what have we done? special report, Hiroshima: August 6, 1945 note: Paul Tibbets was Colonel, not Lt.
Colonel, when he was the pilot regarding the Enola Gay. The Little Boy generated an enormous no. of life in terms of space compression and heat. In addition, it generated a significant no. of radiation Gamma ray and neutrons that subsequently caused devastating person injuries.
The people who saw the Little Boy many times speak We saw another sun within the sky when it exploded. The heat and the light generated by the Little Boy were distant stronger than bombs which they had seen before. When the heat wave reached ground position it burnt all prior to it within people. The tough wind generated by the bomb destroyed most regarding the houses and buildings within a 1. When the wind reached the mountains, it was reflected and repeatedly hit the people within the village center.
The wind generated by Little Boy caused the greatest serious damage to the village and people. The radiation generated by the bomb caused long-term problems to those affected. Many people died within first little months and many more in subsequent years due to the fact that of radiation exposure. Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in possessing malformed babies or being unable to have children. It is believed that higher than 140,000 people died by the end regarding the year.
They were citizens within students, soldiers and Koreans who worked in factories within the city. The total many people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000. The A-Bombs used over Japan; Little Boy left and Fat Person right Just 3 days subsequent to the bomb was dropped to Hiroshima, the 2nd atomic bomb called Fat Person was dropped to Nagasaki. of life generated by the bomb dropped to Nagasaki was significantly larger than that regarding the Little Boy, the damage provided to the village was slighter than that provided to Hiroshima due to the geographic structure regarding the city. It is estimated that approximately 70,000 people died by the end regarding the year due to the fact that regarding the bombing.
We strongly know that the earth should learn about weapons of total destruction. We hope that the facts presented here shall help you understand the pain and devastation that nuclear weapons can cause. We do not need you to just look sorry for the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the war inflicted untold pain and suffering on many people in Asia and the Pacific. Rather we need you to work with us to make sure that that all of us can live in a safe world. We hope this document helps you understand what it was, what it means and what we need to do.
2 The cause for dropping atom-bomb on Japan:There are 3 theories for dropping atom bomb on Japan. First is to take retaliation on Japan for its attack on Pearl Harbor. The 2nd is to prevent Socialist Russia to capture Japan. First theory not ever sound reasonable because? Hitler committed suicide on 30th April, 1945. Immediately on 7th Shall the Germans agreed to unconditional surrender.
Moreover Mussolini and his mistress were killed on April by anti-Fascist Italian partisans. Japans position was now completely helpless, and the emperor supported a party within the Japanese government that wished to seek a negotiated peace. The 2nd world war was more or fewer approaching to its end. The 2nd theory sounds well because? On 16th July 1945 President Harry S. Truman - who had assumed office on Roosevelts death on 12th April, - was informed that an atom bomb had been successfully tested in New Mexico.
The USA military located that no other weapon was so awful in destructive power as that regarding the atom bomb. At the similar to time the military forces of Socialist Russia were rapidly advancing towards Japan - the border place of Socialist Russia to capture it. The Capitalist America was now in good distress that the Socialist Russia should not only capture Japan but also convert it a Socialist state. To uphold its supremacy America thought that it had no other decision except to execute 3 things: 1. to prevent immediately the invasion of Socialist Russia on Japan;2.
Instead, it had to capture Japan without sacrificing any more lives of American soldiers within the invasion of Japan. In order to fulfill the above aims, the Capitalist America was left with only one choice that was to use the awful new weapon - the atom bomb - on the civilians to force Japan to immediate surrender. Persuaded by the military strategy, Truman decided to use the bomb and it was dropped on the Japanese village Hiroshima on 6th August, 1945. About 80,000 civilians were killed immediately. Nearly 200,000 died later of radiation or were maimed for life.
On the sudden turn of events, Soviet Russia sensed that Japan should leave out its paw though it was within its reach. So 3 days later, on 8th August, Russia declared war on Japan and crossed the Manchurian frontier as the Japanese army remained committed to a fight to the finish. Since there was a race for supremacy between Socialist Russia and Capitalist America to capture Japan and moreover Russian army crossed the Manchurian frontier, the Capitalist America was forced to act swiftly. So, a 2nd atom bomb Fat Person - was dropped on Nagasaki on 9th August, 1945 by Capitalist America. Nearly 70,000 civilians died immediately.
The following day the Japanese government offered to surrender. On 14th August the terms laid below at Potsdam were accepted and the 2nd World War was over. The truth is still solid and sound that the atom bombs were dropped on Japanese cities not due to the fact that Japan should succeed within the 2nd World War but due to the fact that the governments of Capitalist America and Socialist Russia were arrogantly desirous to display their supremacy over the other as their economic processes were barely contradictory with each other. Most Capitalism and Communism wanted to prove that it was their system that ultimately led the 2nd World War towards victory. This ideological conflict between the America and Russia, at the end regarding the war, resulted in nuclear holocaust of Japan.
There is no assurance to the people of all countries that another nuclear war shall not burst out due to the ideological conflicts between the countries or to display their supremacy or for some other reasons the time shall decide. Not only America and Russia but all the nuclear countries not ever now wish neither to destroy all their nuclear weapons or dismantle the industries which make such weapons of mass destruction. Below these circumstances and ground realities how can we know and console ourselves that yet another nuclear war shall not threaten mankind and cause to vanish the very existence of mankind on the earth. So, we, the people of all the countries, declare to forfeit our capital from the little capitalists and the State and to hold it with ourselves. When we have direct ownership of capital we shall not let our capital for the production of nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction.
Economic Justice in jeopardy and in peril: When we handed over our capital to a little capitalists, we were below tough presumption, that they should in sure sense, solve at fewest our simple problems of poverty and unemployment. On the contrary, since the very simple aim of capitalists is maximization of profit they execute all kinds of nefarious designs to exploit the laborers and treat them like other business commodities. So with the enrichment of new technologies the capitalists always intend to replace the workers or minimize the labor force by sophisticated machines. The capitalists not ever display any interest to promote the economic justice in solving the person problems like poverty, unemployment, economic inequality, unequal distribution of income and wealth etc. But now the capitalists in some method or other have promoted the welfare of society only by method of promoting their own self interest.
In other words if and only if the capitalists are assured that their self interest should be promoted then alone they shall let the betterment of welfare of other members of society. The welfare of huge majority of society is always regarded to be a dependent factor of a little capitalists within the system of private ownership of capital. In other words the Welfare of Society WoS operates as function of Interest of Capitalists IoC. We can write it as WoS = f IoC. 1The Interest of Capitalists, in turn, depends on their Maximization of Profit Max o P.
So the equation becomes IoC = f Max o P. 2The Maximization of Profit Max o P by the capitalists conclusions within the Exploitation of Working class EoW. It shall written asMax o P = f EoW. 3The Exploitation of Working class EoW creates Maldistribution of Local Income Md o NI. 5 The degree of maldistribution of local income exposes how the workers are exploited in a country.
Generally speaking in most regarding the countries the top 10% of population enjoys 80% regarding the local wealth and only just 20% of local wealth is distributed to a vast majority of 90% of population. The maldistribution of local income has always kept the vast majority of people to suffer with little purchasing power and in due course it conclusions in over production. Due to over production the producers are forced to reduce their volume of production and position of employment. On finding the disequilibrium that the products are not consumed at the rate at which they can be produced the producers are forced to close their industries. The very aim of capitalists, the maximization of profit, not only crushes them but also the whole society.
Therefore, the private ownership of capital should be dangerous to the whole society and the local capital capital should be equally distributed between the people for the welfare regarding the mankind. So, Betrand Russel says: Private ownership of land and capital is not defensible on the groundsof justice or on the grounds that is economical method of producing what the community wants -- Russel, Bertrand? Political Ideals p? 35 Equally the Marxian theory of State Ownership of Capital lacks perfection and threatens person rights. Marxian theory is formed on adamant and inflexible principle and it shall not coordinate with the changing world conditions. It preaches a kind of economic fundamentalism which wants the elements of society to remain in rigidity for ever. So Loucks rightly states:Errors within the theoretical of Marxian thought are so serious and so simple that they cannot be corrected by interpreting or modernizing Marx not can they be regarded superficial Loucks? Comparative Economic Processes p? 166 4.
Poverty within the midst of plenty:We, the people of all the countries, have accumulated capital higher than enough and the products that should be produced with the help of that capital is higher than adequate to eradicate poverty within the world. The statistics of World Development Report 1991 substantiate that if we distribute the products produced equally between the people of all the countries, each one should receive the products approximately worth of Rs. 300 per day, that is higher than enough for ones needs. But in contrary with this fact, 3 third of world population is now subjected to appalling poverty and suffering with hunger and different diseases for need of adequate notorious food. The poverty prevails not only between the countries but also within the countries irrespective of whether the place is developed or developing.
As there is darkness below the burning candle so is the poverty even within the affluent society due to maldistribution of income and wealth. Paul Meynard Keynes criticizes the capitalistic system with this ever prevailing paradoxical element of poverty within the midst of plenty. Since the capitalism not ever have knowledge of how to distribute income and wealth equally between the people, the capitalists have no moral right or legal right to hold our capital with themselves. They need to honestly return us our capital and we have knowledge of how to solve our problems below peoples direct ownership of capital. Absence of Right to Live:Throughout the length and breadth regarding the earth we can notice the youth most in rural and urban parts bearing good agony in their eyes, possessing no price for their teaching are wandering desperately on the streets in seeking employment.
The unemployment has pushed them to strip distant their dignity, self respect and equal status between others not only within the society but also in their own family. Everywhere they can be treated as insignificant trivial and above all fewer than a person being. Within the economic systems, most in capitalism and socialism, they look that they have deprived regarding the possession of Right to Live at all. Origin of terrorism and economic crimes:It is partly true that unemployment generates economic insecurity between the youth. But by and large it victimizes the youth an easy prey to drug addiction, trafficking, terrorism, and other socio-economic evils.
The universal accepted fact is that capitalism cannot solve unemployment. The function of capitalism is such that if we need to adhere with capitalism we need to live with unemployment at sure level. The advocates of capitalism have now proved that full-employment in capitalism is only a myth and mirage. Hence as long as capitalism is prevailing within the world, so long as the socio-economic evils shall also be pervading within the earth as its by products and they should be deteriorating all the well-nurtured cultural fabrics of society. If we need capitalism, we need to learn to live with terrorism and other socio-economic evils.
Economic Equality is a Mirage? It is evident throughout the world, the economic inequality between the people not only within the place but also between the countries is going on widening with an accelerated momentum. In 1982 the per capita income of developed countries in average was 42 times higher than that of developing countries like India and China, but the gap was still widening 56 times in 1989. As the gap is going on increasing the poor countries are becoming still poorer and wealthy countries are more richer. It is natural not only between the people but also between the countries to develop tough feeling of jealousy and hatred, and an impression of inferiority complex and a sentiment of economic slavery. Within the complex and confused modern economic systems, the concept and reality of economic equality is rushing over beyond the orbit of ones reach.
In this context, our strategic fiscal and monetary policies are reducing to be insignificant to face the challenges. Hence Jawaharlal Nehru rightly blames the capitalistic system of economy for the economic equality: Normally speaking it should be spoke about that the forces of a capitalist society, if left unchecked, tend to make the rich, the richer and the poor, the poorer, and thus increase the gap between them- Nehru, Jawaharlal? The Years of Power 1960 p;294It should be faulty conclusion that the economic inequality is inseparable function of capitalism alone; even in communist countries we can notice large economic disparities between the people. But there exists evident large differences in income in communist countries subsequent to decades of communist rule. And in Soviet Union a place many times thought to be dedicated to the removal of economic differences, the differences in income and living standards are barely as pronounced as in some market oriented societies and this subsequent to higher than 1/2 an one hundred years of mass coercion. ? The Grail of EqualityThe economic equality is one the 3 simple necessities of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity for the establishment of an Moral Society.
But neither capitalism nor communism not ever have knowledge of any effective economic technique to make sure that us economic equality. Hence I venture to speak it is futile to let our capital to remain in possession of some lone capitalists or the State. No Right to Work? Invariably the Declaration of Independence of all the countries proclaim that person has Right to Live. On the introduction of Division of Labor within the modern production system, no one can make all the products that need even to lead a very simple life, or a lone whole commodity one needs. On the Division of Labor, everyone is trained to make only a component of a commodity for which he can receive his wage and with which he has to buy the compulsory products within the market to lead his life.
Since an lone cannot make whatever he wants to live, his Right to Live solely depends upon his Right to Work. But no Constitution of any place is powerful enough to give Right to Work as one regarding the Fundamental Rights due to the fact that the economic processes that the countries pursue are basically defective and incompetent to face the economic challenges. Within the absence of Right to Work irrespective of what kind of economic system a place follows, the employers not ever think about person like an lone and not even like a commodity. On the other paw they treat person like a rental commodity that shall be engaged by paying wages as rent. The defect of economic processes have reduced person and humiliated him as mean and ignoble thing.
With full of depression in heart, P. Samuelson exhibits the real condition of person as follows:Since slavery was abolished, person earning power is forbidden by lawto be capitalized. A person is not even free sell himself; he should rent himself at a wage - Samuelson, P. Absence of Stable Just Price? Universally in all economic processes - whether it is market oriented economy or State controlled economy - the prices within the market are behaving erratically and disorderly. Mostly the prices of consumption products of poor people are always enhancing.
But the income of poor people is not increasing as many as the increment of cost of their consumption goods. Consequently this economic phenomenon is horribly crushing the purchasing power regarding the poor. Hence the fact is universally accepted that the poor people are born in poverty, live in poverty and die in poverty Whenever the governments declare that they have contained or reduced the rate of inflation it seems always to the benefit regarding the rich. The economic systems, existing now, not ever have knowledge of any economic techniques to sustain a just cost position at stable for the welfare regarding the vast majority poor. Injustice to Working Class:In Jerusalem I heard the Israeli Supreme Court say? It is better that ten guilty persons be acquitted than that one innocent person be convicted.
This legal justice should not be confined only to the courts of justice but it should be equally extended to govern most the economic justice and economic systems. The economic systems, on the contrary, conveniently permit the economic criminals to escape from punishment and in turn punish the innocent workers who perform their corporate duty. The utmost duty of a worker is to make socially wanted products and services only; but it is not the duty regarding the worker to bear the responsibility whether the products and services he produced are sold out. On the other paw it is the duty regarding the consumers to buy the products and services that are produced for their consumption at a just cost and at the rate at which the products and services are produced for them. On the contrary, the consumers, like a whole, behave within the market, guided by their erratic psychological factors, make time lags in purchasing the products that are produced for their consumption and sometimes neglect the products to buy at all.
These negative and duly non-responsive factors affect the economy severely and ultimately result within the stagnation of products within the markets. Due to the stagnation of products within the market an equal volume of products stagnated are not produced within the subsequent round of production. On the reduction of production of products the workers who have fulfilled the production duty regarding the economy, need to lose their employment. The unemployment of a worker not only affects his Right to Live but also regarding the whole family that depends on him. The unemployment of a worker ruins the teaching of his children, their future ambition in life and their morality and corporate dignity and their future economic security.
The present economic processes are not competent and efficient enough to secure and keep the Right to live regarding the workers who have honestly accomplished their production-duty regarding the economy. To strengthen my argument I like to quote the words of Prof. Joan Robinson? It is true, with adequate organization there need be no unemployment There is always something useful that shall be done even with a mans bare hands -- Prof. Joan Robinson? Economic Methodology p? 114 Joan Robinson too finds fault on the economic processes for large section of unemployment; in other words, the economic processes that we pursue now are the primary reasons for the failure to give Right to Live to the workers throughout the world. Within the present economic processes and economic conditions employment and Right to Live are synonymous or just the same.
What is the simple cause, today, throughout the world, for billions of youth are crushed by the burden of unemployment? It is the cause? Every person, only up to the standard of teaching and technical training that the society has offered to him, can make socially wanted products with his bare hands or with the help of mini and simple capital that he can afford by himself and thus make self-employment opportunities and secure right to live by himself. The creation of self-employment creates an expectation within the mind regarding the of the worker that the society i. the consumers should behave with a sense of economic responsibility by consuming the products at the rate at which he produces, at a reasonable cost to sustain the livelihood regarding the worker. But every self-employed youth knows that the economic responsibility is absolutely lacking within the minds of consumers. What is deeply rooted within the minds of unemployed youth is a fear regarding the future that the consumers or the society that he belongs to should not perpetually and automatically accept the products at a reasonable cost that he produces by self-employment.
The fear regarding the future within the minds regarding the youth who wants to venture in self-employment is reasonably justifiable. Due to fear on the future the unemployed youth are not venturing in self-employment competing with the highly sophisticated industries. It is then whose fault if the youth are unemployed? The present economic processes have no economic techniques or action programs to evacuate the fear regarding the future within the minds regarding the unemployed youth and to induce economic responsibility within the minds of society to keep the self-employed youth from the competition of well-organized industries. I need to spot out it is the fault regarding the economic processes for the cause of unemployment and moreover I wish to state that the capitalists and equally the governments should not lay blame on the fate regarding the youth for their unemployment. On the other paw the capitalists and the governments are persistently blame the fate regarding the youth and try to escape from their economic responsibility.
So we have no other alternative except to forfeit our capital from the them and retain it with ourselves as we have knowledge of perfectly well how to solve our unemployment and other economic problems. Economic Gambles: The simple intention leading for the invention of cash is it should be used like a moderate of exchange in buying and selling products and services. On the contrary, our present economic processes have invariably paved method for the cash not only to be used like a moderate of exchange but also at a large extent like a Moderate of Economic Gambles throwing distant the honesty and morality of societies to the winds. The multi-millionaires, today, have idly and futilely invested billions and billions of cash within the stock markets like a moderate of gambles uprooting the very noble function of money. The electronic journalists and the news papers extensively propagating the stock market indices for the benefit regarding the wealthy gamblers, the economic criminals, who need to earn quick and easy cash with out shedding even a drop of sweat.
The present economic processes have accepted this kind of economic gambles without any shyness. In addition, within the cradles of civilization, mostly within the locations of hobbies and games like cricket stadium, Tennis courts, Soccer grounds, Boxing arenas billions and billions of cash are set into circulation like a moderate of gambles. With the help regarding the capital-power the capitalists currently have vigorously transformed the noble arts, skillful sports, nice games and wonderful cultures into easy-money-earning centers instead of promoting these symbols of civilization. The capitalists within the name of promoters have developed tough hatred not only within the minds of players but also within the minds of audience. This kind of economic gambles is now rapidly spreading like dangerous virus in all 4 corners regarding the world.
For example, the Statesman in its 10th October 1978 issue states as follows? Britain is a gambling nation. Nearly 94 percent of population indulge in an occasional flutter on races, at the gambling tables, on foot-ball pools or on a many different variations of other sports. 39 percent of all Britons are habitual gamblers. In 1977 an estimated $ 800 million were stated on races and gamblers. In 1977 an estimated $ 800 million were stated on races and other sports.
Instead of producing socially wanted products and services and creating employment opportunities, the capitalists are utilizing our capital for economic gambles extensively and demoralizing our long cherished cultures and civilizations throughout the world. The capitalists now adopt an special business strategy to exploit the consumers? First kill the civilization and then sell the goods. The capitalists have knowledge of the consumers shall grow to a easy prey for sexual exposition. So they in all their advertisements use women in 1/2 naked beauty to enchant consumers to buy their commodities. We have knowledge of the capitalists are misusing our capital to sexually assault the consumers to maximize their profit at the price of cultural destruction and spreading demoralization.
With deep mental agony I like to state that millions of young women have now turned as prostitutes like a source of employment and the Worldwide Labor Organization ILO now recommends to accept prostitution as flesh sector which contributes reasonable no. of foreign exchange for many countries. Class distinction and failure of economic machinery? In lieu of promoting fraternity between the people the present economic processes make different class distinctions for example 1. proletariat and capitalist, 2. consumer and producer, 3.
The class distinction between proletariat and capitalist is always underlying at the bottom of strikes, lock outs and innumerable non-residential disputes. The class distinction between consumers and producers is attributable for the failure of determination of just cost within the market and for uneven distribution of products between the people. The class distinction between savers and investors is harmfully preventing the requisite acquisition of investment to eradicate poverty and unemployment expeditiously within the world. The present economic processes are full of contradictions without which they can not function. Our capital within the possession of little capitalists and the State is the root cause for all class distinctions.
Once the capital returns below the direct ownership of people all the class distinctions shall disappear13. Maximization of profit destroys morality of society:In the present economic processes the industries project their volume of profit as the balance of judgment of their determination of non-residential success The sector which earns more profit is regarded to be more successful. The mental attitude forces the capitalists even to destroy the natural environment extensively sequential to make products cheaply. With the sole aim of maximization of profit, the capitalists have no even an iota of concern over the future welfare.
