Chemistry Tutoring

If you are really, really lucky, your chemistry teacher is a magician. For the class's amusement, he performs card tricks and other wonderful sleights of hand. Greatest of all, every concept he explains you understand instantly. Every lab that he assigns is as exciting like a Penn and Teller floor show. And your lab notes? They organize themselves! Of course, like most of us, you are probably only somewhat lucky.

You do not attend college at Hogwarts. Your chemistry teacher is a good Muggle whose lectures and labs you only somewhat understand. And as distant as your lab notebook is concerned, it's only somewhat coherent. Still, you should improve your luck in chemistry basically by atom structure tutor. What's in a Chemistry Tutor's Bag of Tricks?.

Consequently a chemistry tutor will not make you magically understand everything there is to have knowledge of about chemistry, he or she shall help you improve your understanding of simple chemistry concepts, within chemical nomenclature, atomic structure, the periodic table, Lewis structure, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and acid-based chemistry, which shall definitely improve your performance in a general chemistry class. Receiving advanced chemistry? A chemistry tutor should possibly help you better understand thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibria, gas laws, redox chemistry, and nuclear chemistry. With a chemistry tutor, you will be can. review class lectures to improve your understanding,. complete homework assignments,.

complete chemistry projects,. follow lab well-being procedures, and. properly set up and maintain your chemistry lab notebook. Most importantly, possessing a private chemistry tutor means that you will like the personalized, one-on-one instruction you deserve. You will be can ask as many questions as you likewithout raising your hand.

And you will be can read at the pace that is right for you. Should review? Not a problem! Lacking a little simple skills? A chemistry tutor can give you with the remediation you need. Consequently chemistry class should be overcrowded, your private tutoring session not ever shall be, so there is not ever any chance that you will not ever be ignored or grow to lost within the crowd. You will always be the only student! And every tutoring session should be about you and your critical academic wants in chemistry. A Chemistry Tutor Is Almost Magic.

No, creating better grades in chemistry class will not happen by magic. It shall take hard work on your component as well as the one-on-one assistance of a chemistry tutor for you to improve your performance and your scores. Nevertheless, once you do locate a chemistry tutor who you like, you will probably think about you lucky. Maybe you have even think about you really, really lucky. Subsequent to all, consequently the help that a chemistry tutor sends isn't magic, it almost is.

Piano For All Review

It's not ever been easier to learn Piano or Keyboard. Imagine being can sit below at a piano and just PLAY - Pop, Blues, Jazz, Ragtime, Ballads, even incredible Classical pieces? Now you can. and you can do it in months not years! Imagine you should learn piano or keyboard without possessing to provide money, time and effort on general Piano Lessons. Grab A Copy Click here. The Pianoforall Process is simple.

You beginning with Well-known Chord based Rhythm Style Piano ponder of artists like Elton John, Billy Joel, Lennon and amp; McCartney, Barry Mannilow, Lionel Ritchie, Coldplay, Norah Jones and so on that is EASY but sounds amazingly like the 'real thing'. This enables you to achieve a professional sound almost immediately. Once you can be sounding best and possessing an entire lot of good which motivates you to learn more you then expand step-by-step on your chord and rhythm knowledge into Blues, Ballad style, Jazz, Ragtime, Improvisation and yes. even Sight Reading Classical music Grab A Copy Click here. The Fastest method To Learn Piano and Keyboard or Your Cash Back!.

It's not ever been easier to learn Piano or Keyboard. Imagine being can sit below at a piano and just PLAY - Pop, Blues, Jazz, Ragtime, Ballads, even incredible Classical pieces? Now you can. and you can do it in months not years! Imagine you should learn piano or keyboard without possessing to provide money, time and effort on general Piano Lessons. The Pianoforall Process is simple. You beginning with Well-known Chord based Rhythm Style Piano ponder of artists like Elton John, Billy Joel, Lennon and amp; McCartney, Barry Mannilow, Lionel Ritchie, Coldplay, Norah Jones and so on that is EASY but sounds amazingly like the 'real thing'.

This enables you to achieve a professional sound almost immediately. Once you can be sounding best and possessing an entire lot of good which motivates you to learn more you then expand step-by-step on your chord and rhythm knowledge into Blues, Ballad style, Jazz, Ragtime, Improvisation and yes. even Sight Reading Classical music Take a closer look at what you shall get in this Incredible Done Piano Course Pamphlet two - Party Time or Rhythm PianoLearn best rhythm style piano straight distant with piano chords, 10 classic party rhythms, a terrific piano chord ballad, many of keyboard diagrams, tricks, and loads of progressions within the style of classic songs. Within days you shall be the life and soul regarding the party! 15 VIDEOS or 101 AUDIO Pamphlet 3 -Shake. Now you can play some best Blues and Rock and' Roll Piano.

Instantly recognisable rhythms that shall be used for hundreds of classic songs. Amaze your colleagues together with the sounds of Fat's Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis, Little Richard and a host of others. It's easy when you have knowledge of how! 7 VIDEOS or 15 AUDIO Pamphlet 4 -Chord MagicLearn more piano chords creating use of great memory tricks and play some best practice progressions within the style of well-known songs. Learn to change piano chords at velocity creating use of Inversions. A special piano chord chart and some velocity learning exercises shall help you master your chords in next to no time! 5 VIDEOS or 38 AUDIO Pamphlet 5 - Advanced Chords Created EasyYou are now ready to learn some advanced piano chords but Pianoforall helps you do it the easy method - not the technical way.

Tons of extra practice progressions within the style of well-known piano songs and a rhythm chart for 80 Beatles songs plus some best Beatles Piano stylings. 7 VIDEOS or 55 AUDIO Pamphlet six - Ballad Style. Grab A Copy Click here.

Vibrational Sound Therapy: A Valuable Tool For Healing Bipolar Disorder

Vibrational sound proved to be an invaluable discovery when I used my body like a testing ground to completely cure treatment-resistant rapid cycling bipolar disorder. And, I am pleased to report that vibrational sound therapy has also been instrumental in assisting my clients who suffer from mania, depression and the anxiety that these conditions often bring. I am well aware of what sounding can achieve. And yet, due to the fact that my understanding of sound healing is a result of skills development rather than cognitive knowing, I locate this kind of vibrational therapy difficult to explain. Despite this shortcoming, I shall do my greatest to convey what I have gleaned from one tidbit of simple science and that which I have witnessed like a vibrational sound practitioner.

Science courses I suffered in years gone by taught me that there exists elementary particles in atoms that make up the molecules that make up all that exists and that these particles carry charges that emit life which vibrates at specific frequencies. I trust that these frequencies are affected by vibrational sound. Our physical bodies which are comprised of these life filled atoms are interconnected to emotional, mental and Spiritual bodies. Hence, I contend that when we state specific intentions for healing imbalances and we sum sound frequencies, change manifests throughout all regarding the bodies due to the fact that regarding the impact that sound has on the atomic structure of our beings. Energetic imbalances for example bipolar disorder should be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition, trauma, repressed emotions, core belief systems, imbalanced brain chemistry, physical sickness and other culprits.

My own healing process taught me that when a brain disorder occurs, the faulty electrical circuitry that adversely affects brain chemistry should be realigned with vibrational sound. The method this works is that the vibrational frequencies which are of a Light-high vibration leave into the parts in crisis which are of a dark-low vibration and they heal the imbalanced spots within the brain chemistry with the higher vibration. It's like switching on a light in a dark space whereupon the dark is no detailed can survive. The reason I suggest that Light has the ability to transmute the density or dark is greatest explained by what the 17th Century Dutch scientist, Worshipper Huygens, discovered and called entrainment. The principle of entrainment basically states that fewer powerful vibrations from one source shall align with more powerful vibrations from another Leonard, 2006.

According to George Leonard 2006, this occurs due to the fact that nature seeks the highest many efficient life state and it takes fewer life to pulse in cooperation than in opposition p. So, if we think about the Light vibrations to be the highest many efficient life state, and we trust that any thing fewer powerful than Light life shall ultimately move into cooperation with or align with the Light, we can more with no problems understand how Light can transmute the dark or more specificallyhow sound vibrations can heal the biochemical imbalance that is known as bipolar disorder. Perhaps it is easier to comprehend the ways in which sound affects us when we look at some everyday examples for example lullabies, movie soundtracks or any music that soothes, enlivens, incites or reminds us of someone or some other time. Sure musical instruments make sounds that change our moods and even move us to cry or smile or dance. These are all conclusions of sound vibrations impacting our energetic systems.

The vibrational sounds that I facilitate during my healings sessions are at best, bizarre. You see, I not ever decide the sounds. I'm basically a conduit. It feels like I merely stand by and watch while the sound vibrations return through me in a vast array of qualities and tones. Many are indigenous sounding.

Some sound like whales and dolphins. Others resemble what seem to be ancient Tibetan or Chinese languages. Often when I sing energies that look to be ethereal high-frequency beings seem to thank me for my vocal chords as their sounds return through. At times I hear myself emit what should greatest be described as intergalactic communications in a low-budget science fiction film. When this occurs the frequencies are so high and so fast that my mouth nearly fails to move at the velocity that these sounds require.

Astounding really, for I am the quintessential fast talkin' New Yorker. Years ago, I was beginning a phone session with an unique client who upon hearing the initial sounds, inquired incredulously, Did those noises return out of you? I had to laugh. She did too, but she did not hang up. In my opinion, the sounds are primordial language that people recognize on a soul level. I am impressed with the people who do not consciously understand this, but still manage to trust within the healing properties of sound; the people who refrain from hanging up despite the odd quality regarding the songs.

Whether you can be struggling with bipolar disorder, perhaps you can locate a method to trust in this kind of skills development and receive the biochemical healing that vibrational sound therapy can bring Reference: Leonard, G. The Silent Pulse: A Look for for the Thorough Rhythm That Exists In Each of Us. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith.

Modern-day Metalworking: Examining Cutting Tools Technology

Cutting tools and machining processes have evolved to the spot where non-residential machinery shall be created faster and at lesser expense than ever before. These end products are used in every facet of life from the building to the office and in essentially every sector and market. The end result of these advances is to make the manufacturing sector competitive within the global marketplace by providing precision products at the lowest price. New technologies focus on refining overall production processes. The greatest method to do so is to combine multiple process steps into one machining operation.

Every time fabrics should be switched between machines, there is lost time due to loading and unloading along with repositioning and workholding. New working fabrics and processes helps accomplish the reduction in working steps compulsory for precision products. Hard Turning And Milling Operations. A common bottleneck in working with hard metals was the need for intermediate working steps. For example, if the cutting tools in use were not capable of working a hard metal, that metal should should be worked and then heat treated to its final hardness, requiring more finishing and grinding steps afterward.

For example, non-residential machinery created from high hardness fabrics should be worked in an annealed condition and then should be heat treated, requiring distant grinding and finishing. Today's hard turning mechanical system steps are can stay away from all of that intermediate work. Specialized cutting tools created from polycrystalline cubic boron nitride can turn and mill hardened fabrics without an annealing step to decreased hardness. This specific metalworking breakthrough imparts a many highly desirable properties into mechanical system components: high toughness, chemical stability, high hardness and high thermal conductivity along with a little thermal expansion coefficient. By removing entire working steps, finished products can return off the line cheaper, faster, and with fewer flaws or off specification rejects.

Hard turning should possibly supplant grinding in some cases. When this applies, hard turning runs faster than grinding, repeatedly lowering most sprint times and costs. High Velocity Cutting Tools. Many high velocity processes were reserved for softer metals as well, for example aluminum. Similar issue with annealing and heat treatment also applied for this kind of metalworking.

But just like turning, new high velocity cutting tools can handle harder metals without the intermediate process steps. Again, today's technology is focused on reducing the per unit cost of all categories of non-residential equipment. It may seem counterintuitive, but speeding up metalworking processes actually generates high precision products. Each new step introduces a chance for error, neither in component due to person mistakes, improper workholding, machines working outside of specifications, and over working. The ability to slice out intermediate work has a noticeable impact on quality control.

Safety And Reliability - Hard Machining. The polycrystalline cubic boron nitride material's properties also preclude the need for cooling fluids. This is accomplished due to the ability regarding the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride to withstand high temperatures and thermal loads. Hence, hard machining shall be used and is highly preferable to the alternative. By eliminating the need for cooling fluids, there is a significantly reduced chance of thermal shock and breakage.

When warm non-residential machinery returns into contact with cooling liquids, the sudden change in heat can crack or break components. Hard processes are also safer for operators since cooling fluids are toxic upon person exposure. Within the end, hard processing is fewer expensive and safer. Integrating Chemistry With Diamond Like Coatings. Diamond tipped blades have seen steady use in manufacturing.

The final evolution of this technology is diamond-like coatings. In effect, these coatings simulate the properties of a diamond and shall be applied to cutting tools. Tooling components can utilize these coatings to gain tremendous wear resistance, extra hardness, and reduced coefficient of friction. There have even been some instances of kind 304 stainless steel non-residential machinery going from a one week service life to lasting for 85 years. This achievement is based in atomically modified coatings.

From a chemical standpoint, these coatings are just simple carbon atoms. However, they can be arranged and applied in such a reason such that the atoms shape a diamond-like surface. It is the manipulation regarding the underlying atom structure that creates the wear resistance properties vital for precise and efficient mechanical system work. In the end, manufacturing technology strives to push the sector ever forward. Innovations lead to higher outputs of quality non-residential machinery at a decreased cost.

Greg Palmer is an author for Reid Supply, an non-residential distribution business with a 60 year the past supplying clients in all 50 states and over 40 countries with non-residential machinery for example cutting tools and more.

Optics Today- An Overview

OPTICS TODAY- AN OVERVIEW. Ratnam Challa Optics, like a field of science, is well into it's 2nd millennium of life; yet in spite of its age, it remains remarkably vigorous and youthful. Optics is an enabling science and is an important component of modern, high technological, societies and economies. According to Australian Optical Society Report, March, 1994, Most in studies and industry, optics is a primary growth region of modern science and technology that shows no signs of abating within the foreseeable future. Prediction is very difficult, spoke about NIELS BOHR, mostly regarding the future.

3 decades ago optical computing was a thriving region of studies that offered the prospect of computers many faster than those available at the time. Of course, computers are indeed many faster currently than they were 20 years ago, but they can be still not optical. However, there have been higher than enough developments in other regions of optics, most pure and applied, over this period to compensate for that specific disappointment. Little of these advances were planned or predicted, but many were completely unexpected PETER RODGERS, Physics world' Editor, April 2005. Optics is one regarding the growth regions of modern physics and engineering.

Like a result, optics finds applications in almost every walk of life in our society. Optical devices are crucial components in many sectors of industry. The development of our modern technological lifestyle is becoming increasingly linked to developments within the field of optics. This encompasses regions that are well known in traditionaloptics:. optical fabrics glasses, crystals, thin film technology.

optical components lenses, mirrors, gratings,. photometry light measurement, colour definition. solar collectors and concentrators. Optical processes cameras, telescopes, microscopes, photocopiers etc. lighting and display systems.

Conventional optical components are already present in many devices and instruments, which are in everyday use in our society. The ability to measure, and to compute with velocity and accuracy are the hallmark requirements of today's physical and exact sciences. Since its introduction within the late 1950's, the digital computer has furthered the computational abilities of person beyond the wildest dreams. Currently computer is used in almost every field of studies in optics, not to speak fewer about any other field. The fields of optics that have particularly profited from the use of computers are two Lens creation and Thin Film creation 3 Image Processing and Evaluation 4 Atmospheric Optics 5 Space Optics six Remote Sensing and in more recent times seven Medicinal Optics.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN MODERN OPTICS. There is a considerable quality, breadth and depth in optics research, and within the non-residential applications of studies in optics. For any place Optics is an appropriate sector in terms of its contribution to wealth generation and employment and its little environmental impact AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL SOCIETY REPORT, March, 1994. The new fields of Modern Optics encompass growing regions which are at the forefront of current scientific research, for example Lasers, Fibre optics, Photonics, Optical Computing, Atom Optics, Fourier Optics etc. More importantly, the applications of modern optics increasingly underpin our corporate and economic well being, and are an important component of modern, high technology industry.

lasers in medicine cancer surgery, laser angioplasty, eye surgery. optical communications mass details transfer, optical switching. imaging and sensing bar code readers, laser alignment tools. optical data storage compact discs, digital cameras. precision measurement laser rangers and gyroscopes, interferometers.

holography data storage, structural testing, security devices. materials processing laser annealing, drilling and cutting. History of Development of Modern Optics. Since the early 1960`s, it has gradually grow to accepted that an up to date academic training in optics should with a heavy exposure to concepts of Fourier Analysis and Linear processes theory. During the middle regarding the 20thcentury, different events and discoveries have provided new life, life and richness to field of optics.

The highest many important events have been. two The introduction regarding the concepts and tools of Fourier Analysis and communication theory into optics 1940-1960. 3 The discovery and successful realization regarding the LASER within the late 1950 `s. 4 The origin regarding the field of non linear optics in 1960`s. 5 The infusion of statistical concepts and methods of analysis into the field of optics.

six Computers have distant accelerated the pace of development within the field of optics throughout the entire century. A realization regarding the utility of Fourier methods within the analysis of optical processes arose rather spontaneously within the late 1930's when a many studies workers began to advocate the use of sinusoidal test patterns for system evaluation. Many regarding the initial stimulus was supplied by a French scientist P. DUFFIEUX, whose work culminated within the publication of a book, in 1946, on the use of Fourier methods in optics. Unfortunately this pamphlet has not ever been translated into English and is not widely available.

Within the United States, many regarding the interest in these topics was stimulated by an electrical engineer named OTTO SCHADE, who very successfully employed the methods of linear processes theory and communication theory within the analysis and improvement of television camera lenses. Subsequently the foundations of Fourier optics were in fact laid considerably earlier than 1940, particularly within the works of Ernst Abbe 1840-1905 and God Rayleigh 1842- 1919 GOODMAN, 1968. In the late 19th century LORD RAYLEIGH had solved many fundamental problems in acoustics and optics. The discovery regarding the quantized nature of light had dramatically increased the need for statistical interpretation of Quantum Mechanics in optics, which was first introduced by MAX BORN GOODMAN 1984. In 1954 EMIL WOLF introduced an elegant and broad framework for considering the coherence properties of waves, which laid foundation for multiple important statistical problems in 0ptics that should be treated in a uniform way.

An function of special mention is the classical theory of light detection pioneered by L. MANDEL which tied together in a comparatively simple way, the knowledge regarding the fluctuations of classical wave quantities fields, intensities and fluctuations associated with the interaction of light and matter. A student position course in Physics, today, encounters optics in an entirely deterministic framework. Physical quantities are represented by mathematical functions that are neither completely specified in advance or assumed to be precisely measurable. These physical quantities are subjected to well-defined transformations that modify their shape in perfectly predictable manner.

For example, the path of a monochromatic light wave with a known complex field distribution at a sure distance distant from the screen shall be calculated precisely by creating use of the well-established diffraction formulae of wave optics. Thirty years ago, the enormous impact of lasers on modern optics and technology should not havebeen predicted. Even now, the full section of likely applications afforded by lasers has yet to be realized. There exists also signs that other fields in modern optics, for example atom optics where atoms are controlled with light within the similar to method as conventional optics controls light with reason release similar potential for new technological applications. Optics is no detailed an isolated branch of physics.

There is a best deal of transformation within the read of Optics over the decades with the use of computers. Optics has developed to its present status by borrowing mathematical concepts from diverse fields for example communication engineering, electronics, nuclear physics, etc. It is the wave nature of light that creates this link possible. CURRENT RESEARCH AREAS IN OPTICS:. University studies in optics is spread throughout applied and fundamental areas.

These things have been coarsely classified into regions and are briefly described below. a Optical Fibres and Photonics. One regarding the primary advances in this technology is the development of facilities for the design, fabrication and testing of specific optical fibres. This activity includes the studies and development of next generation components and devices within optical switches, fibre lasers and fibre amplifiers. These devices are of importance to advancement of photonics.

Photonic devices and circuits are being developed for application to very high bit rate optical communication processes and networks within regional and metropolitan region networks for delivery of pay television etc. Other studies is being undertaken into nonlinear optical fabrics and devices with applications to all optical switching. This work is at the leading edge of technology for the future. be Lasers and Applications. Lasers ranging from semiconductor, solid state and CO2 processes operating within the infrared- to- metal vapour regions and rare gas lasers operating within the visible and ultra violet are being researched and developed.

The application of laser technology is prevalent, particularly in non-destructive testing and diagnostics, high precision machining of polymers creating use of ultraviolet lasers. The read of man-made plasmas and hypersonic gas flows creating use of laser diagnostics, medicinal diagnostics employing lasers, and holography are just some regarding the studies topics undertaken in universities in which laser technology is directly applied. c Conventional Optics. The field of conventional optics plays a role of ever increasing importance. Diverse things for example microscopy, imaging, optometry, solar collectors and astronomy are ongoing things in different studies institutes throughout the world.

A large different variations of specialist microscopes are currently below development in a many active studies groups which are likely to be in departments of physiology and anatomy as well as in departments of physics. Many hospitals are also very active as there is promise, creating use of advanced imaging techniques, for developing methods for the early detection of diseases for example glaucoma. Astronomy shall also be dependent on high quality optics as highlighted by the custom precision optics, lasers and quantum imaging devices used by the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer. The development of suitable optical components is essential to advancement of solar life technology that has the potential to deliver cost effective and efficient electricity and also to grow to an export earner. AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL SOCIETY REPORT, March, 1994.

The read of vision spans scientific disciplines from mathematics to physiology. Understanding the processes of pattern recognition and visual processing shall have implications in problems associated with mechanical system vision for example section sensing and measurement of optic flow. There is growing studies interest and activity in this area, that is evolving as an important component in high technology sector throughout the world. e Atomic and Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics. This predominately fundamental region of studies is important to optics in 3 ways.

Firstly, most modern methods of investigating processes in atomic and molecular physics involve the use of state regarding the art lasers together with high quality optics. Secondly, primary advances in modern optics have emanated from this area. For example, the discovery of optical bistability in atomic sodium was the precursor to field of photonics. Atomic physics gave the earth the laser and more recently, squeezed states. The list shall be continued.

Studies in atomic and molecular physics and quantum optics is an region of strength in institutes of advanced research. f Particle and Atom Optics. Over the final ten years there was explosive growth of worldwide interest within the optics of massive particles for example atoms and neutrons. This region is of considerable importance as it not only assists fundamental studies in fabrics science and astronomy but also underpins the regions of medicinal imaging. Many regarding the experimental techniques in x-ray optics, consequently common in principle with other regions of optics, present a special set of challenges.

JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH FOURIER March 21, 1768 Shall 16, 1830 was a French mathematician and physicist who is greatest known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their applications to problems of heat flow. The Fourier Transform is named in his honor. The mathematical technique of Fourier transforms in association with correlation and convolution, when applied to optics resulted within the subject of Fourier transform optics or Fourier Optics, that is an important branch of Modern Optics. The foundation to Fourier Optics was laid within the works of Ernest Abbe and God Rayleigh GOODMAN, 1988 and Michelson STEWARD, 1983. The importance and the art regarding the Fourier transform in optics was briefly but beautifully summarized by FRANCON 1974.

According to him the wave aspect of light is the fundamental reason for the important role played by Fourier transform within the field of optics. In fact, the Fourier transform returns in like an organic tool for representation of all vibrational phenomena in physics. It translates the principle of Huygens and enables the read of diffraction phenomena. It translates the formation of images of extended objects and brings within the notion of transfer function. It describes the degree of spatial coherence in terms of source geometry and distant more, the degree of temporal coherence in terms of source spectrum.

It plays a fundamental role in spatial filtering, character recognition and image processing. Finally, within the website of Interference spectroscopy, it relates the intensity distribution within the source to spectral distribution of source energy. Thus, the use of Fourier analysis, justified by the wave aspects of light, presents for optics, the possibilities which are distant from possessing being exhausted LAKSHMANA RAO, 1994. The statistical properties of light play an important role in determining the outcome of most optical experiments. A description in terms of sure 2nd order averages known as coherence functions is entirely adequate for predicting experimental outcomes.

The origins regarding the modern concept of coherence shall be located within the scientific literature regarding the 19th and early 20thcenturies. Particularly noteworthy early contributions were created by E. VON LAUE 1906, 1907, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1915, 1915? M. VANCITTERT, 1934, 1939? F. ZERNIKE 1938, 1948 and others.

The next developments of primary importance are located within the work of H. BLANC-LAPIERRE and DUMONTET 1954, E. WOLF 1953, 1954, 1954. The historical evolution of concept of coherence is presented with an extensive bibliography by L. Emil Wolf is a living legend within the field of physical optics.

An icon within the earth of optics, Emil Wolf laid the foundations of contemporary physical optics by documenting the concept of spatial coherence prior to lasers were introduced. This powerful concept has influenced many regions of optical science and engineering, Tribute to Emil Wolf: Science and Engineering Legacy of Physical Optics, Editor s? TOMASZ P. JANNSON Publication Date: Dec 2004. Since its conception, the medicinal field was searching for better ways to understand the person body. Today, the optical field is finding new ways to assist in this process.

two of those ways is through electromagnetic radiation imaging. On the cutting edge of this field is the g- ray coded aperture imaging. What is Coded Aperture Imaging?. The coded aperture imaging is an indirect method of imaging in which the conventional pinhole or multi-channel collimator is replaced by a plate containing a coded hole pattern or opening. A spot gamma ray source shall cast a shadow of this hole pattern on a detector and this shadow is the coded image regarding the spot source, which shall also be called the point-spread function regarding the coded aperture.

A source distribution two-dimensional or three-dimensional is encoded like a superposition of many such shadows. This encoded pattern on the detector plane is called the shadowgram regarding the object distribution of intensity. The creation regarding the coded aperture is chosen to facilitate the image reconstruction or decoding process sequential to make sure that a faithful reproduction regarding the object or the source distribution on the image plane. The decoding shall be accomplished by a many methods- most optically and electronically. Coded Aperture Imaging is a technique originally developed for X-ray astronomy by MERTZ 1961 and YOUNG 1963 where typical imaging problems are characterized by far-field geometry and an object created of spot sources distributed over a mainly dark background.

These conditions provide, respectively, the basis of artifact-free and high Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR imaging. In a report titled Computer aided Zone Plate 3-D Imaging: Theory, Software and Implementation sponsored by Laser Plasma Division, Centre for Advanced Technology, Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India, June, 2003, the authors G. PANT have reported that Coded Imaging CI Techniques are being many preferred to conventional Imaging Techniques mostly for imaging sources of brief wavelength radiations. The CI Techniques have created significant contribution within the following fields:.

a X-ray Astronomy: [ Diek 1968? Young 1963 ]. b Nuclear medicine: [Barrett 1972? Barrett et al 1973? Rogers et al 1973 ]. c Nuclear engineering [Rose et al 1975, Rose 1976 ]. d Inertial Confinement Fusion [Ceglio and Coleman 1977, Ceglio and Larson 1980? Bruno et al 1979 ]. BARRETT, who is at present Regents Professor in Optical Sciences Centre within the University of Arizona, USA A, has contributed an enormous wealth to field of Coded Aperture Imaging Technique and has a huge many USA Patents to his credit.

He has a huge team of researchers who have themselves published very useful work in this field of research. Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed such that it appears as if the object is within the similar to position relative to recording moderate as it was when recorded. The image changes as the position and orientation regarding the viewing system changes in exactly the similar to method as if the object were still present, thus creating the recorded image hologram appear Three-Dimensional. The technique of holography should possibly be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. Holographic data storage is a technique that can save details at high density inside crystals or photopolymers.

The ability to save huge amounts of details in some kind of press is of best importance, as many electronic products incorporate storage devices. As current storage techniques for example Blue- Ray Disc reach the limit of likely data density due to diffraction-limited volume regarding the writing beams, holographic storage has the potential to grow to the next generation of well-known storage media. The advantage of this kind of data storage is that the volume regarding the recording press is used instead of just the surface. In 2005, businesses for example Opt ware and Maxell have produced a 120mm disc that uses a holographic layer to save data to a potential 3. 9 TB terabyte, which they plan to market below the name Holographic Versatile Disc.

Another company, In Phase Technologies, is developing a competing format. Security holograms are very difficult to forge due to the fact that they can be replicated from a master hologram which requires expensive, specialized and technologically advanced equipment. They can be used widely in many currencies for example the Brazilian Real 20 note, British Pound six or 10 or 20 notes, Estonian Croon 25 or 50 or 100 or 500 notes, Canadian Dollar six or 10 or 20 or 50 or 100 notes, Euro six or 10 or 20 or 50 or 100 or 200 or 500 notes, Southern Korean Won 5000 or 10000 or 50000 notes, Japanese Yen 5000 or 10000 notes, etc. They can be also used in credit and bank cards as well as Passports, ID cards, books, DVDs and hobbies equipment. This is only a brief exposition on the ever growing importance of optics within the different fields of life.

The earth of optics is distant reaching and a thorough read is beyond the scope of this article. However, anyone interested in a career in Optics can definitely get an system of this ever growing branch of Physics. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx--------xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL SOCIETY REPORT, March, 1994. BORN and WOLF, 1959, Principles of Optics, 1st edition, p.

Y BORN and WOLF, 1965, Principles of Optics, p. Pergamon Press, Oxford. , 1984, In Principles of optics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, SixthEdition, p. 1970 , Principles of Optics. 333,396,398,424,436,438,462,469 and amp;524.

, 1984, in Zone plate coded imaging; theory and applications, in Progress in Optics- XXI, Ed. by Elsevier Science publishers, B. , Aug 1968, Scatter-Hole cameras for X-ray and Gamma-rays, Astrophysical J. 1984, Contemporary Optics, MacMillan India,Ltd. , 1984, In Statistical Optics.

Peter Wiley and amp; Sons, New York. , 1988, In Introduction of Fourier Optics, Re-Issue, Mcgraw-Hill Publ. 1,101, 103, 19, 17, 131. 1968 Introduction to Fourier Optics McGraw- Hill,USA P. 1,17,83,101,103,139 and amp;148.

D Thesis: Studies on Resolution of 3 unequally. bright object points by apodised annular optical processes in partially coherentillumination. D Thesis: FOURIER ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OFMULTIPLE - ANNULI CODED APERTURES IN MULTIPLEXED TOMOGRAPHY.

Fusion Reactor And Platonic Solids

The first plan for a fusion reactor is a resonance of laser rays and some other elementary particles torrents together with the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. The proportion regarding the resonance should be ordinary, golden or harmonic -, 3 or 3, 4 or 5, etc or 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29 and so on. Harmonics are ratios of distant Fibonacci numbers. regarding the harmonic is the many steps between Fibonacci numbers it compares. Each harmonic is the sum regarding the previous two.

and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. The structure regarding the reactor should be created by Platonic Solids. A dodecahedron and an icosahedron should be described around it and an octahedron and tetrahedron should be entered inside. The faces regarding the polyhedrons should be used for a circular electric current with a perpendicular magnetic vector to center. To compress plasma to maximum stage from all directions evenly.

The vertices for lasers and emitters. A cube is earth, particles, a tetrahedron is fire, light. An octahedron is dual to a cube, a tetrahedron is dual to itself. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. A torr reactor is likely too, but it should hold a 12 phase or 12xn cycle like zodiac or some other polygon like decagon like a basis for its rhythm.

Due to the fact that without a cycle rhythm plasma is unstable. It runs distant from any magnetic traps. Life does not like forms for it is formless by nature and forms are its opposite. Plasma or fire is an element of freedom and creativity. It shall work only when it wants it itself.

Like Sagittarius, a fire zodiac sign. The greatest method to manage plasma is to let it freely leave distant in a jet. Along a laser ignition ray. On a spaceship or an airplane. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;.

Six laser rays, symmetrical around one central empty channel, work like a pump. They can push on any elementary particles or substances. For example, nuclear fuel to a tiny but effective uranium or plutonium reactor, compressing it to temperature, wanted for the ignition of a chain reaction. The construction regarding the reactor should be similar as for fusion Platonic Solids. Laser push shall be used in an annihilation photon engine too.

For the transportation of anti-matter to focus of a paraboloid, which reflects parallel rays of light. Antimatter shall be produced in a reverse process by the crossing of powerful laser rays at a catalyst substance in a Platonic Solids magnetic trap. Then it shall be accumulated in it and conserved for future use in space. Distant distant from usual sources of energy. Such an accumulator is many more effective than any other.

And shall reveal for photon ships all planets of our system with their wealthy natural resources for economical use. Leading mankind from an isolated planet to nearest space and preparing the next stage of technological evolution the invention of astral starships. Leaping directly to other stars through multidimensional space. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. This teleportation phenomenon requires a very high life position in a very tiny space.

For life is the source of matter, its condensation, and can revert substance return from physical state to aetheral and astral, light. That is a multidimensional simplex, projected to tetrahedron of electromagnetic waves. Its vertices are photons going distant from each other with equal speeds when it grows as it should be regarding to theory of relativity. The cube is physical space. The dodecahedron is closest to sphere of all real physical fields and is condensed energy, turned into substance at the creation regarding the universe.

Quarks are triangular faces of polyhedrons. Ordinary particles are projections of divine multidimensional light to our person three-dimensional physical world. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. Teleportation breakthrough wants a carbon fusion reaction as in stars on the 2nd stage of their development. Such fusion reactor wants annihilation of antimatter in one focus of a stationary ellipsoid reactor.

The other focus is for concentration of light energy, reflected from its internal surface, and ignition of fusion. Quarks as primary particles are close to primary subtle life position and shall be influenced by a subtle life generator during the teleportation leap. Forming a five-dimensional astral channel, which finally opens space for the wanted distant connection of three-dimensional spaces of different stars. Through the light simplex like a photon ray or a quark torrent, which in astral is the same. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;.

The greatest shape of a space ship is prompted by a Platonic Solid too. It is a double tetrahedron, 3 tetrahedrons with one common face. Transformed for better streamlining within the atmosphere. The fist one pulled forward, the 2nd one reduced. The bottom can work like a wing, though wings are added to it too.

The rigidity of triangles and tetrahedrons make this structure stable and safe. It shall be used for planes or velocity automobiles too. As well as speed-boats. Or for a universal vehicle, combining all these in one. An orbit space station shall be rigid and safe if created like a icosahedron, due to triangles in its faces.

It is close to sphere too and can help any spherical surface. Hemi-icosahedron a roof. A dodecahedron can give like a structure of a cross-country vehicle wheel. With broad contact surface and flexible ribs. Tetrahedron shall be used in architecture to help usual cubic structures from inside to make them more rigid and high.

and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. Platonic Solids were used by The god to make the universe, galaxies and stars. They constitute the very foundation of space. Compact packing of spheres is an icosahedron 1+12=13 and its 2nd layer is a dodecahedron 1+20=21. These are Fibonacci numbers, the 7th and the 8th, their ratio is a golden proportion 13 or 21 or 12 or 20=3 or 5.

They describe plasma in a reactor, or a star or an atomic explosion. The center is Sun, fire or condensed plasma itself, the 7th no. is Saturn, compression, condensation and structure or shape regarding the reactor, earth, the 8th no. is Uranus, decentralization, explosion, burst or warm gas, air. The third layer is the 9th number, Neptune, liquid, water, for cooling and transmission of heat.

The fourth layer is the 10th number, Pluto, transformation of life into another type, or new fire, e. electromagnetic current or light. Astrology prompts qualities of space structures due to the fact that it is astral logic, or the science of a five-dimensional space. And astral, Mars, is a key to any movement, or interaction, or projection of spaces. Astrology is proved by logic and facts no fewer than any other science and have the right to exist and to cooperate with mathematics and physics in any research.

and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. Platonic Solids describe and enter the orbits of planets, their correspondence to elements is explained by correspondence of these planets to zodiac signs. Tetrahedron is between Mars and Jupiter astral and aether, which rule Aries and Sagittarius, signs of fire, so it is fire itself. The previous planet, Saturn, symbolize three-dimensional physical world. Dimensions grow together with the numbers of planets counted from Pluto to Sun.

Aether has 4 dimensions, astral five, mental plane, Venus and Mercury imagination and concepts - seven and eight, spiritual world, Sun, - nine. Earth, consciousness or soul, is close to Venus. Moon as intuition, when it is full, is close to Mars, astral plane. Geocentric Sun is six-dimensional instead of Earth. Uranus is a two-dimensional surface of sphere, that is the shape of all fields and waves.

Neptune is its one-dimensional radius. Pluto is its center, zero. First 3 dimensions belong to microcosm, elementary particles and quantum mechanics. These planets are invisible like the universe they describe. This is objective reality, provided to us in our senses.

Vital subjective space starts to grow 3 steps later. Saturn is a zero-dimensional space of dead stones. Jupiter a one-dimensional space of plants. Mars a two-dimensional plane of animals. Earth is the three-dimensional world of men.

Venus, Mercury, Sun mean 4, six and 6- dimensional spiritual worlds of angels, archangels and God. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;. Without spiritual philosophy, idealism science can not be understood. Materialists manipulate formulas and geometrical structures abstractly, though they all correspond to reality. For example multi-dimensional space, described and calculated but not believed.

Telepathy proves existence of non-physical fields so we should conclude existence of non-physical worlds and prove it by distant experiments. The easiest method to confirm it all up is astrological analysis of one's personal horoscope. If astrology works, astral exists as well as spiritual world and religion is true. and lt;br and gt; and lt;br and gt;.

Diamond Cutting

The first improvements on nature's creation involved a polishing regarding the crystal faces, which was called the Spot Cut. As distant refinement progressed, one 1/2 regarding the crystal should be slice off, creating the Table Cut. At the time, diamonds were valued primarily for their luster and hardness. Table Slice diamonds appeared black to the eye. The Modern Round Brilliant slice below is the culmination of multiple hundred years of experimentation and development.

Cutting a raw diamond into a faceted and polished gem-quality stone is a multi-step process. Each step is critical to the final outcome. The steps are: Marking Cleaving Sawing Bruting Girdling Faceting Marking: A rough stone is marked prior to cleaving or sawing to determine the direction regarding the grain or cleavage, eliminate waste, and bypass inclusions or imperfections. The natural shape regarding the rough stone shall also be a primary factor in deciding how to slice the stone. An octahedron should be slice into one or 3 atom structure a square Princess slice shall result within the fewest no.

of waste due to the square shape regarding the stone. Asymmetrical crystals such asmacles are used primarily for fancy cuts. Cubic shapes are necessary for a square Princess or Radiant cut. High-tech computerizedhelium and oxygen analizers are now used to evaluate a stone prior to cutting. Cleaving: Cleaving refers to splitting a stone along its grain by striking it.

A rough stone is cleaved if there exists conspicuous defects and or or inclusions which should prevent it from being created into a lone gemstone. Cleavage is the tendency of crystalline fabrics to split along definite planes. Due to its atomic structure, a diamond should be cleaved in 4 directions parallel to each regarding the 4 octahedron crystal faces. Cleaving is a critical step like a mistake by the cleaver should shatter the stone. Sawing: A stone-cutting saw is a thin disk created of phosphor bronze.

As the saw blade rotates it continues to pickup or recharge itself with diamond powder that is the cutting agent. It can take multiple hours for the saw blade to slice through a 1k rough diamond. Bruting: The rough is placed in a chuck on a lathe. While the rough stone rotates on the diamond lathe a 2nd diamond mounted on adop is pressed against it, rounding the rough diamond into a conical shape. This step shall also be referred to as rounding or bruting.

Faceting: To facet a Round Brilliant, a blocker or lapper shall slice first 18 first facets, then a brillianteer shall slice and polish the remaining 40 facets. The cutting placing and polishing of each facet is accomplished by attaching the stone to a dop stick and pressing it against a revolving cast iron disk, scaife, orlap on aFacetron that was charged with diamond dust. During this faceting stage the angles of each facet should be slice to an exacting standard sequential to yield maximum brilliancy and maintain symmetry.

School Online Classes, Cbse Online Classes, Maharashtra Board Online Classes

School Online Classes. Online classes are becoming increasingly well-known amongst high college students who don't ever favor learning in a general classroom environment. Many students opt for college online classes due to the fact that of behavioral or corporate reasons and also due to the fact that of and increased interest in computers and other technology. Like other general schools, the online schools also follow neither CBSE board syllabus or Maharashtra board syllabus. The college online classes also give college read fabric and online training classes such that the students can acquire learning Even if they don't ever physically display up for classes.

The online schools are also known as distance learning schools which give great educators helping the students to understand the subjects better. The expert team of these online college classes analyzes the student requirement and designs the greatest scientific and amp; interactive read content which helps in understanding the subject better. With the help of college online classes, the students can read at any time as per their own convenience. World class educational services for the subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Commerce, Computer Science, Corporate Science are provided at an affordable cost to the students. The college online classes give CBSE Learning Solutions for the students from V to XII standard as per CBSE curriculum.

They give many interactive tools like read material, online classes, Classes on demand, MCQ test, Q and amp; A from text book, Assignment with solution and revision notes which enable the students to done their college studies successfully. The CBSE learning solution also sends many useful features also for example CBSE Previous Years Solved Paper, CBSE read product, CBSE read material, CBSE online classes which are very useful for the students to simple the exams with flying colors. The online classes for CBSE board exams give online practice tests for all the subjects included in CBSE course curriculum such that the student can get a done analysis regarding his proficiency level. In other words, learning from CBSE online classes is the greatest method to attain education. Maharashtra Board Online Classes.

For the students of Maharashtra Board, it is not compulsory to attend the college physically, as they should possibly read the Maharashtra Board curriculum from the comfort of their home. Unlike other tuition classes, the students can read from their building anytime as per their convenience with the help of Maharashtra Board online classes. These online classes give done Maharashtra Board read fabric within expert tutors' assistance such that the students can achieve success in examinations. The student can login at anytime from anywhere to get ready for examinations as he or she wants only a computer and an world large net connection. Studying online and understanding the highest many difficult concepts without any barriers and disturbance from the comfort of that you own building sounds interesting.

You should possibly register with an online college providing CBSE Board online classes and Maharashtra Board online classes to avail the benefits of online classes for school.

Female Sex Organs And Their Functions Structure

Your child's Behaviors Are capricious and no one within the Agree ancestors dog as anybody is beneath accent from it and There Are Many arguments. Your adolescent not can leave out and reside a accustomed activity 'events to appointment to the shops are a daydream with anybody searching in Condemnation and criticism. No one at academy absolutely understands and all you accumulate accepting is an amaranthine beck of buzz calls to appear and aggregate your adolescent Which Means There Is No breach from the accepted for you Behavior ADHD. Your adolescent is black and not achieving. Other Accouchement is adversity within the family.

Your accomplice is not alive with you; abandoned criticizing or Relationship Perhaps your Altogether has torn below as aftereffect of your child'sBehaviorAt atomic 5% of Accouchement This day Have These Symptoms Severely so and so That They Are Many times Diagnosed as accepting a 'condition'. This is ambitious for Parents and Families Who Should anatomy about active lives and ambitious these arresting with Generally Which Symptoms close inattentiveness, abrupt and Behavior Being Constantly on the go. Usually the abandoned escape is demography the adolescent to academy and the agents There Also Struggle to cope. This anatomy is defective in assets and Strategies, oftener in clashing barrio with blatant Classrooms and top numbers of Accouchement awash in together. On average, in Each of These Classrooms Presenting There Are 3 accouchement with an analysis of this action and Another 5 or six Are Exhibiting Symptoms or archetype cat like behaviors.

The acumen for the acceleration in ADHD is not understood. Some schools of Thought aspect it to diet, poor parenting abilities others Which does ancestor assurance abundant acceptable for those with Accouchement with ADHD - acknowledge you actual much! Others accusation it on a biogenetic ataxia - OK Parents. Acumen to exhaust up yourself. The absoluteness regarding the bearings Is That Each adolescent is just as different and individual, so too is the action ADHD. The action is many of Things Caused by Overwhelming the body's systems, which presents the Symptoms of ADHD.

We Have All were in bearings Region You Are out arcade and a adolescent 'Kicks Off' - literally! It is simple to accomplish detached and be judgmental comments about parenting abilities Lack of These Days, to whoever is continuing abutting But The Absoluteness Is That very many of Families Are Unable to reside a normal life, region 'events to simple glide to the bazaar dog Turn Into a Daydream on Top Street. Actual Many times the ache of These Behavioral Issues Relationships breach up and Moms Are larboard to cope abandoned with Situations That amplify out of control, Region They Are abandoned and alienated and with actual little abutment for Understanding Their bearings or from accompany or accessible If the traveling Families gets tough. Traditionally if the bearings get enough and eleven diagnoses are made, medication is assigned and the ancillary furnishings of this are able-bodied known. There is Evidence That Can Have Harmful These drugs ancillary furnishings and actual Many times Not ever Plan and Symptoms in Some Cases Have Been Accepted to obtain worse. This publicity has aloft Concerns for Every ancestor traveling below the avenue of ADHD Assessment and Cause an Ongoing Interest within the no.

of another and Complementary Therapies in ASSISTING with ADHD. The aboriginal catechism has to do These Be Approaches work?.

How We As Entrepreneurs Can Understand Ourselves Better In Order To Perform Better

If there is a difficulty then it is basically the fact that you don't ever understand how your inner workings operate. So you can be controlled by your auto-pilot security processes you posses and you can be not consciously controlled by that you own choices. In many cases the auto-pilot security processes of entrepreneurs shall override their choices basically due to the fact that they don't ever have knowledge of these processes exist or just don't ever understand how they work. Many entrepreneurs give most of their lives reacting from reflex rather than acting. Understanding this and being can utilize this facts to direct our lives and analyse decisions and set our lives path which shall reduce the no.

of pain and suffering in our lives. Stop for a moment from doing what you can be currently doing and take a good look at everything around you. Mostly hold a look outside at nature. Everything created by nature is incredibly effortless and straightforward. Everything in nature has a role to perform.

It also seems that everything in nature fit perfectly in an amazingly complex system around it, yet does its job without fuss and with a simplicity and beauty that cannot be matched. It appears very simple on the surface but whether you learn it a bit deeper it unravels a degree of complexity that shall baffle the greatest of minds. Nature is most simple and complex. Take a good look around you and pick something very simple and common that was created by nature. Nothing complex like an pet or even a tree, for example look at a lone blade of grass.

Not the whole plant but just a lone blade of grass. It's so common it has to be ordinary and simple. Look at its symmetry and form. Many greatest works from entrepreneurs of art, design, and architecture have borrowed heavily from a simple blade of grass. It supports life within the plant and also life on our planet.

It is almost graceful in its simplicity. But a scientist should have his work slice out for him to try and figure out how all of this was built together with the incredible complexity of miniature size, thorough functionality, strength and flexibility. No chemical engineer should ever build a working copy of a blade of grass. Likewise, how many should a chemist write on all regarding the reactions going on inside the sip and the thorough chemical balance between them all? We have not even regarded photosynthesis itself or the rest regarding the plant and its interaction together with the ground and air, let alone the eco system of which it is a very mini part. What regarding the physics and chemistry regarding the molecular and sub-atomic level?.

Try to imagine how many lone blades of grass there exists on a soccer field. Now imagine how many there may be all over the country. If your lawn were like the rest of nature it should not be hard to imagine that every lone blade of them is special in some way. To understand a blade of grass you don't ever need to have knowledge of the atom structure or have knowledge of every lone chemical fact about it. Grass should be understood barely basically by creating use of that you own intuition and wisdom.

That is due to the fact that grass is fundamentally most simple and beautiful. Yes the deeper knowledge should be fascinating and useful, but it is not compulsory for understanding. In fact too many deep knowledge regarding the tiny details can sometimes mask understanding due to the fact that one can lose track regarding the simplicity and beauty regarding the bigger picture. When you have knowledge of the simple and smart understanding then the details can sum to that understanding. Details alone are just details.

When trying to understand yourself, hold that in mind. You can be incredibly complex and you can ever fully have knowledge of every aspect of you and that is not really compulsory for simple understanding. In recent times us as entrepreneurs have spent too many time on the details and not enough on the understanding regarding the bigger picture. You are most as simple and as complex like a blade of grass. Download this free eBook and you can discover, like other entrepreneurs, we shall not ever have knowledge of all the facts and details of ourselves but we are can understand ourselves better.

PS: By registering a free account together with the Global Network you can have instant free access to learn firsthand how to generate daily 20-30 new leads for your business. And you can have access to our Leader's Library filled with more free training fabric within the shape of eBooks and Audio Books, presentations and interviews from experts, entrepreneurs and other mentors of our generation, willing to excel you to success. Whether you need any more assistance look free to contact me directly.

Singapore High College Life

High college is certainly an exciting time for many as it signifies leaving the adolescent stage behind and gradually transitioning into adulthood. This brings about a new-found freedom, a growing sense of maturity and new experiences. However, little of these experiences shall be daunting mostly on the academic front. And it is with this combine of anticipation and apprehension that every Singapore student takes on being a young adult. The first cause for apprehension for any student should definitely the large leap in terms of expectations between secondary college and high school.

Students are expected take on a minimum of six subjects in good detail and master it in 18 months or fewer that is a distant cry from the leisurely 4 years in secondary school. Additionally, the depth of instruction in high college requires students to re-learn sure facts acquired in secondary school; knowledge that they have learnt for the past 4 to 5 years. To top it off, the 3 years of high college means that students should dig their heels in and hold up with the system from the moment they enter as they not ever have many time to adjust. In order to cater to the country's changing needs, the high college learning in Singapore requires students to take subjects at Higher two or Higher 3 position in humanities History, Economics, Geography, Literature, Theatre Studies or sciences Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology based on their interests, aptitude, and future ambitions. Furthermore, out of all the subjects, students are compulsory to take one that is of a contrasting discipline within the hopes of grooming them to be all-rounded academically.

As such, it is common for students to leave for tuition in subjects for example H2 Mathematics and H2 Physics that is an more commitment aside from their heavy workloads. Aside from academic requirements, the competitive soul regarding the regional students has grow to an added burden unto itself. This is evident within the increasingly stricter entry requirements into the first regional universities for example Local University of Singapore NUS, Nanyang Technological University NTU and Singapore Management University SMU. The competition is taken up by a notch with the influx of foreign scholars who, attracted by Singapore's reputation as an learning hub, join regional schools even at the high college level. Possessing met the regional entry requirements, these students are certainly worth their pepper as they too, interestingly enough, have immersed themselves into the regional competitive religion and do what they can to secure a location in university by going for mathematics and physics tuition.

In conjunction with all the difficulties mentioned earlier, Singapore's decision to invest in a knowledge based economy translates to a shrinking arena for manual labour and other forms of craftsmanship. By extension, the track that this rat race is held has one lane with very little alternatives for vocational training. This conclusions in a make-or-break situation that is the highest many daunting consequence of all. To make matters worse, going for mathematics and physics tuition sequential to obtain sterling conclusions is no detailed the sole factor for consideration. This is due to the fact that universities and future employers are now seeing into other aspects of one's portfolio for example co-curricular activities, leadership and community work experience.

While engaging in other activities is meaningful as it helps one to have fun, meet new people and bond with them, the very fact that good achievements in that region is an entry requirement has created the respite from a heavy workload fewer enjoyable in a sure sense. While high college life is undeniably daunting, it is important to clarify that the regional schools do make an effort to counter-balance the academic stress with different college activities for example carnivals and overseas trips. With all that is spoke about and done, high college life in Singapore is indeed exciting and daunting. It is in this period that one is on the thresholds of maturity and the rigour of academic requirements is first test. And those that overcome it shall be set on the path to success.

From Atoms To One All Mighty God

From Atoms to One All Mighty God. Atoms reveals structures, functions, energies, power and movement. They underlie everything from matter, black or white, to fluids, fire, space and anything we can observe and calculate. They constitute reason an substance. They represent all manifestations of life and death, of shapes, forms, colors, densities and everything that moves and stagnate.

No reason is constituted without atoms. Whether you don't ever trust in String Theory and quarks as well as Strings underlying the atom structure, then atoms shall do like a focus of reflection and study. Atoms constitute every shape and density of matter, from a microscopic nano beings to biggest of stars like Antares or of galaxies that constitute our universe. Trillions of planets and stars, are created out of atoms. The miracle that is mind bewildering is how atoms can constitute reason and substance, light and time? How can atoms constitute every object within the universe and connect them is fixed relations? Sequential to have different objects you own to have different atoms, but these are all similar in principle of structure.

Atoms are created up of nucleus, neutrons and protons, neufrons neufrons are capable to penetrate a planet like ours from one component to other in split second, these are spoke about to be first power instigator that set off the large bang reaction, and a periphery that is created up of electrons in forms of shells, not exactly oval but sporadically rotating around the nucleus keeping order and equilibrium with the nucleus. The many protons is typically equal to many electrons. The many protons determines the element's atomic number. The nucleus and the periphery are in done equilibrium and harmony controlled by precise and fixed laws. If electrons lose their equilibrium by emerging with other electrons of other atoms then this causes other structures.

If the inside regarding the atom equilibrium is mingled by fusion of other nucleus then the structure regarding the original atoms is altered and other forms of chemical and physical nature are formed with other characteristics. If the atoms of enriched uranium 236 are bombarded by neutrons then you own at paw the atomic bomb energy, whether for destruction or construction. Here, the life is enough to give electric power for a village for a sure time. These little things are unseen by the naked eye and need extra powerful electronic microscopes to calculate only their being, their dimensions. Every element is created up of different atoms and every substance with its millions of manifestations is created up of specific structure of atoms that function in a precise order and harmony as your body for example.

Where do atoms return from? No one knows, unless you personally know! Howcome should atoms function and how do they function? No one can answer. Howcome should there be atoms? Lesser still as subject to answer. But atoms are there and they indicate a creator, an life that created atoms, an life that controls their structure and function. A creating Power should have evolved these little things to be what they are. A power is wanted to manage them and manipulate them in their forms and shapes, function and duration.

This power is not fewer that a God, an All Mighty Power that has engineered the creation, function, structure and manage of reason and substance to make our universe as it is, function as it does and be what it is. All atoms express similar principle and similar pattern of structure and function. They reflect in this method one power. For the power that created atoms and assembled them in their shapes and forms reflect similar principle of creation, order and control. There exists no other reason than atoms that underlies what we observe in our universe and hence it is one power that created all atoms.

Fighting Wars Over Oil?

Fighting wars over Oil?Did we really only help Kuwait due to the fact that of oil? Do we really fight in wars over oil? What shall happen with humanity if and when we are ever free from our dependence on oil? Shall we let countless millions die and speak - It is not our concern? Another Persons WarWhile were all focused on Bush and his mad drive for Middle Eastern oil, a character with just as many imperial desire is pushing to secure their own oil supply. Venezuela is one regarding the primary oil producers within the universe and has had an internal battle driven by Chavez to nationalize all the oil. Now that it is all below governmental control, this oil is being leveraged like a weapon against uncooperative governments. So when shall this charismatic and aggressive ruler starts receiving note of at moving into the neighboring regions with his newly purchased guns and copters?Plans on Creating Fuel from WaterThe very thought of creating fuel from h2o is something that was confined to sci-fi movies or novels till recently. These days though together with the rapid advances that science has created plans on creating fuel from h2o are being researched by scientists from different components regarding the world.

Hydrogen, which forms a primary component regarding the atom structure of water, is being increasingly looked upon by todays scientific community as an answer to the wants of an alternative fuel to gasoline. Consequently the studies into creating fuel from h2o is still at a pretty nascent stage, it should dramatically change our lives for the better if were to grow to a reality. The 3 First Variations of War-for-Oil Conflicts that Shall OccurThe variations of war-for-oil conflicts that we shall likely look are as follows:There should be conflicts between oil-importing nations and oil-exporting nations when a powerful oil-importing nation deems an oil-exporting nation to have an unacceptable political regime. For examples, the current conflicts in Iraq and to a lesser extent, Afghanistan. Iran and Venezuela are potential targets for future US oil wars.

Note the never-ending US rhetoric against most countries. Conflicts between consuming nations are a best possibility. Creating use of their large piles of US dollars, China was locking up long-term oil contracts in Central Asia, the Middle East and elsewhere. Saudi Arabia, interestingly, has provided almost all of their recent long-term oil contracts to China rather than the US. As you can imagine, this has bothered some US-based oil companies.

Civil wars shall occur within oil-producing nations to gain manage of power and resources. This was the case in Venezuela multiple years ago and more recently in Nigeria and Iraq. It is increasingly likely to occur in other Middle Eastern nations within the future, as the totalitarian governments supported by the West in exchange for favorable treatment on oil supplies begin to lose manage over those they rule.

Don T Dissolve English In Adrenaline----- A Biometric Perception

Don't dissolve English in adrenaline----- A biometric perception Professor Dr. PT Lee College of Engg and Tech, Kanchipuram Abstract. English language is a bull to non native speakers like their domesticated one and as such they should take the bull by the horns. Language learning is so many good and not formidable. Person is the master regarding the language and language is not the master regarding the man.

If one wants to grow to proficient in English, he should grow to the Linguistic Dictator. In this regard Biometrics returns handy to diagnose the fear psychosis that is needless. Biometrics is the recognition process based on one or more intrinsic anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics. Recently, computational bio-electrography based on gas discharge visualization GDV technique was proposed as one regarding the biometrics tools for investigating physiological and psycho-emotional functional states of an individual. In this paper, we present an application of computational biometrics based GDV for visual and quantitative evaluation of anxiety within the process of learning English like a 2nd Language ESL.

The integration of biometrics within the teaching paradigm was investigated in a pilot learn involving foreign students enrolled within the ESL course at the ESL Institute, VIT University. We measured the electro- photonic emission also called GDV-grams of students' fingertips prior to and subsequent to language activities, specifically listening comprehension tasks and showed that the anxiety index in listening comprehension paradigm corresponds to increase of entropy position of left paw corresponding to right hemisphere. Our pilot data confirms the recent findings of correlation of right hemisphere involvement in 2nd language acquisition at the position of language proficiency. Thus, computational biometrics based GDV tool should be used to evaluate and potentially identify anxiety present in ESL learners. Adrenaline, English, take the bull by the horns, Biometrics, Bio-electrography, GDV technique, Anxiety, ESL, Entropy, Right hemisphere.

Biometrics is an automated process of recognizing the lone features based on one or more intrinsic anatomy, physiology and psychological characteristics. A typical biometric system is comprised of six components: a sensor, signal processing algorithms, data storage, a matching algorithm and a decision process. The purposes regarding the biometric models are recognition, identification and verification. Recognition is knowledge of a previously enrolled individual; identification is the process of determining the identity of an individual, where as verification is a process by which the system confirms the existence of an individual. The biometric models existing nowadays are based on fingerprint, face, iris, voice, signature, paw geometry, palm and vascular pattern recognition, performance evaluation and novel sensors [1;.

For example, the palm and fingerprint models combine ridge flow, ridge characteristics and a ridge structure regarding the raised portion regarding the epidermis. Vascular pattern recognition models use near-far infrared light reflected or transmitted images of blood vessels of a paw or finger for personal recognition. Dynamic models use anatomic and behavioral characteristics for recognition purposes [3]. There exist other biometric models that are based on speaker recognition, dynamic signature measures, key stroke dynamics, retina recognition, gate or body recognition and facial thermography. The primary parts of biometrics applications shall be classified into the following 4 groups: two Medicinal biometrics, that is related to use of biometrics in medicinal applications for example medicinal diagnosis and is based on the extraction of biomedical pattern and its association to likely diseases; 3 Forensic biometrics, which refers to use of biometrics for criminal and body identification; 4 Convenience biometrics, that is related to maintaining the convenience position during the use of biometric services, 5 Security biometrics to reduce frauds and manage the access to restricted parts [4].

Computational bio-electrography was recently proposed and used like a promising method for complex evaluation regarding the functional state of an lone creating use of the fingertips and electro-photonic emission in an above intensity electromagnetic field [5]. The method involves capturing and analyzing the electro-photonic emission of fingertips creating use of an electro-photonic impulse analyzer based on gas discharge visualization technique GDV [5]. Multiple studies tried to determine what exactly forms the fluorescent glow also called GDV-grams around fingertips. [6] determined that the person central nervous system plays a crucial role within the formation of skin glow in an above intensity electromagnetic field. The ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate molecule acts like a neurotransmitter within the autonomous neuromuscular junctions, the ganglia and the central nervous system.

Therefore, in case of normal procedure regarding the organism, the ATP diffusion exchange and the electron stream should be regular, thus ensuring the regularity and uniformity regarding the fluorescence glow that occurs during the interaction regarding the skin i. of a finger together with the high intensity electromagnetic field. Another learn conducted by Williams [7] claims that critical structural-protein complexes within the mass regarding the skin give channels of heightened electron conductivity, measurable at acupuncture points on the skin surface. Stimulated impulse emissions from the skin are also developed mainly by transport of delocalized electrons. Optical emissions amplified in gaseous discharge, are registered by optical sensors within the electro-photonic impulse analyzer [7].

The parts of application of GDV technique with medicine, sports, psychology and cognitive study. The correlation of GDV data and the data obtained from the other diagnostic devices showed that GDV is a very fast, at the similar to time, accurate real-time diagnosis technique [8-12]. The GDV technique was successfully used in psychology and cognitive studies mainly to assess the psycho-emotional state of an lone and evaluate the changes that take location in a person organism over a period of time. Based on GDV parameters for example shape and volume of electro-photonic emission, symmetry and relationship regarding the captured image together with the rest regarding the GDV-grams of all fingertips, the presence or absence of aggressive signs and defects together with the organs or organ processes shall be predicted and hence it becomes likely to conclude related to the functional state of an lone at the moment of learn [13; 14]. Second language learning is a process by which an lone learns a language in addition to his or her native language.

English is the current lingua franca for communication within the modern era of globalization and was widely studied for adaptation as an worldwide language [15]. Within the United States of America, a majority regarding the population speak English as their native language. Worldwide students usually skills development cultural shock when they can be exposed to a native English environment, for example the United States, and it takes time for them to overcome the language barriers. It was demonstrated that native English speakers perform significantly better than non-native English speakers in all the primary subtests on Writing, Reading and Listening of an English Language Proficiency test [16]. The relatively poor performance of non-native speakers of English is mainly attributed to anxiety, that is a prominently documented psychological phenomenon in 2nd language learning.

It was recently reported that one third to one 1/2 of worldwide students skills development debilitating grades of anxiety while performing in their 2nd language [17]. The anxiety phenomenon within the field of 2nd language learning was the focus spot of different studies and studies projects. It was established that i anxiety can occur at any stage of language acquisition and can influence velocity and accuracy of learning, ii language anxiety shall be one regarding the predictors of language proficiency, iii learners with higher language anxiety stay away from interactive communication more many times than fewer anxious learners, iv anxiety arousal can negatively influence the communication output as it shall be interrupted by the freezing up moments which learners skills development when they can be anxious, v language learning below anxious circumstances can grow to traumatic to identity of a learner [18]. Young [19; 20] determined multiple aspects as potentially interrelated sources of anxiety from the perspective regarding the learner, the teacher and instructional process. Therefore, he claims that the likely causes of anxiety should be i personal and interpersonal anxiety, ii learner beliefs about language learning, iii instructors beliefs about language teaching, iv instructor-learner interactions, v classroom procedure and vi language testing.

In this paper, we hypothesize that language things for example listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing shall involve anxiety factor which shall be quantified and visualized creating use of the GDV method. The psycho-emotional aspects of language learning and performance, for example anxiety and stress, are manifested at the physiological position by increased sweating of palms and fingers and muscle tension. An electro-photonic impulse analyzer based on GDV can make use of these manifestations, mostly those revealed through the fingertips, for quantifying and visualizing the anxiety position of an ESL English like a 2nd Language learner. The GDV technique is non-invasive and sends a real-time measurement regarding the signals regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system [21]. Thus, creating use of this biometric model of GDV, one shall be can quantify and visualize special biological features in psychological and physiological parameters pertaining to anxiety with respect to ESL learning.

The rest regarding the cardboard is organized as follows: Section 3 reviews the literature on relationship between learning English like a 2nd language and anxiety. Section 4 sends an overview regarding the origin of computational bio-electrography based on the GDV technique and describes the actual procedure used to obtain the GDV-grams. We also describe the analysis regarding the GDV-grams creating use of the built-in GDV software regarding the Electro-photonic impulse analyzer. Section 5 describes a pilot study, first of its nature, which was conducted by us to quantify and visualize the anxiety grades regarding the student learners of English like a 2nd language at Jackson State University. Section six concludes the paper.

English like a 2nd Language and Anxiety. With the increase of popularity of English language within the globe and its usage in almost all spheres of social, economic and cultural life, the should learn English like a 2nd Language ESL has increased between the populace whose native language is other than English. The teaching goals pursued by non-native students in English speaking countries, like the United States of America, want sure position of English language proficiency which shall be achieved through preparation and receiving a TOEFL test. Some students should begin English learn from the beginner's position and advance slowly due to peculiarities in their cultural background. For example, it was established that English language learners from Confucian Heritage Cultures CHCs, for example China, Korea and Japan, are more anxious when learning, performing and communicating in ESL [22].

It is a very challenging task for teachers and counselors in USA schools to address the critical wants regarding the students for whom English is not a native language. Scovel [23] was first to associate the inconsistency in 2nd language learning with anxiety. Horwitz was first to clearly define the concept of foreign language anxiety. Horwitz's Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale FLCAS was the primary contribution to field of 2nd language learning and acquisition [24]. The primary ways of anxiety measurement with behavioral observation, physiological assessment for example heart rates and blood pressure, learners' self-report on their internal feelings and reactions as well as structured interviews, follow-up interviews and questionnaires [25; 26].

The negative relationship between anxiety and achievement or performance was confirmed in multiple subsequent studies involving all 4 language skills: speaking [27-29], writing [30], reading [31] and listening [32; 33]. A student who suffers from reading anxiety can exhibit a variations of symptoms that result from the inhibition of their intellectual curiosity, aggression or independence. It was shown [34] that two reading anxiety shows a stronger negative correlation with reading achievement compared to general anxiety; and 3 consequently general anxiety and reading anxiety correlate substantially, reading anxiety measures something beyond general anxiety. Listening anxiety is a kind of anxiety that returns from listening to others, for example in a foreign language situation. Thus, listening anxiety shall negatively influence the learning process and affect performance [35].

Foreign language learners typically skills development considerable anxiety about receiving listening tests. The conclusions in [36] indicated that foreign language anxiety and listening anxiety are separate but related phenomena that most correlate negatively with achievement. An English Writing Anxiety Scale was developed in [37] and it identified 4 contributing factors for writing anxiety in English: fear of writing tests, anxiety about creating mistakes, fear of negative evaluation and little confidence in English writing. The conclusions have showed that the scale has adequate psychometric properties. Another learn [38] evaluated the anxiety of students over a ten year period, creating use of FLCAS.

The FLCAS scores measured the students' perception about their language learning skills and showed that anxiety plays a primary role in performing and successfully accomplishing creating use of a foreign or 2nd language. The first attempt [39] to use GDV technique in teaching was realized within the experiment to teach listening skills in English like a foreign language. The eyes regarding the student participants in this experiment were closed. The GDV technique was used to assess the functional state regarding the individuals and the biological dynamics within the process of perception and processing the details in English [39]. [40] reported the conclusions of investigation of college babies with GDV technique.

Regarding to interpretation regarding the GDV-grams obtained in their studies, only 36% of babies had normal psycho-emotional and physiological state; 42% have shown deficiency in electro-photonic emission and 17% were in a critical state. A positive correlation was located between the position of performance regarding the students and the conclusions of GDV test. Babies with deficiency in electro- photonic emission had decreased performance level. Due to active effort of psychologists, family, teachers and babies themselves, over a 5 month period of counseling, regime, daily exercise and correct nutrition,. 82% of babies had their electro-photonic emission in the.

This skills development has established that GDV technique shall be helpful in teaching process, mainly due to the fact that of instant and real-time assessment regarding the functional state of an lone and also anxiety and stress that accompany a learning process. Receiving cue from this research, we shall employ the GDV method to identify the special physiological and psycho-emotional signatures associated with anxiety in ESL learning process. Computational Bio-electrography Based on Gas. Discharge Visualization Technique. The first world-wide discoveries regarding the phenomenon of bright fluorescence around person body in an above frequency electrical circuit belong to Nicola Tesla in 1880.

The understanding regarding the significance of this discovery began in 1939 when Russian technician Semion Kirlian noticed the florescence around his fingers when repairing the high frequency tools within the hospital. He and his wife Valentina investigated this mysterious glow till. 1978 and it became well-known below the name of Kirlian. During the 1980s, different approaches for the applications of bio-electrographic technique in medicine were developed e. in Germany, Milhomens N.

in France, Oldfield H. in England, Konikevich A. within the USA and many others. Many books and studies articles have been published on Kirlian Photography and statistical correlations with interesting observations worldwide. In 1995, the Gas Discharge Visualization GDV technique, based on optical methods, modern electronics and computer processing of data, gave an special dimension to Kirlian Photography and lead to foundation of an special scientific field called computational bio-electrography.

Figure 1: A Setup regarding the Electro-photonic Impulse. Analyzer Operated through a Laptop. Figure 2: Actual Procedure of Covering the Paw with a Black Cloth for EPE Capture. The GDV assessment regarding the functional state of an lone comprises of static snapshots also called GDV- grams regarding the electro-photonic emission EPE regarding the 5- fingers from each paw a total of 10 finger EPE snapshots which are collected with and without creating use of filters on the glass surface regarding the Electro-photonic Impulse Analyzer. The filter is a thin glass film that prevents the direct contact regarding the skin regarding the fingertip on the glass surface regarding the analyzer.

The rationale behind creating use of the filter is to capture the EPE that represents the physiological parameters regarding the person; whereas, the EPE captured without creating use of the filter represents the psycho- emotional parameters regarding the person. Figure two demonstrates a setup regarding the Electro-photonic Impulse Analyzer operated through a laptop and Figure 3 illustrates the actual procedure of covering the paw with a black cloth to prevent the penetration of light onto the glass surface. A GDV-camera underneath the electrodes captures the EPE i. , GDV-grams regarding the fingertips placed on the glass surface regarding the analyzer. Figure 3: Sample GDV-grams regarding the Thumb and Index Fingers on the Left and Right Hands illustrating the Different Sectors representing the Organ Processes and their Life Coefficients L Left, R Right Figure 4: A Sample GDV-diagram obtained creating use of the static GDV-grams regarding the 10 fingertips The electro-photonic impulse analyzer has an in-built GDV-software to analyze the GDV-grams.

The GDV- software quantifies the activity status regarding the different organs or organ processes within the shape of life coefficients. The life coefficient of an organ or organ system in a GDV-gram is characteristic regarding the life state i. , the activity regarding the organ or organ system and is obtained by normalizing the image to standard GDV-grams. The GDV software that computes these numerical life coefficients was pre-calibrated together with the standard GDV-grams collected from about 10,000 people with normal health. The section regarding the life coefficient values for an organ or organ system in normal state is [-0.

0]; whereas, the organs or organ processes with energy. coefficient values below -0. 6 are spoke about to be hypo- functional little life and organs or organ processes with life coefficient values greater than 1. 0 are spoke about to be hyper-functional excess energy. Figure 4 illustrates the GDV-grams obtained for the two thumb and 3 index fingers on the left L and right R hands for a person subject.

The life status observed for the organs or organ processes was visualized in Figure 4 by highlighting their life coefficient values in green, pink and yellow colors representative regarding the normal, hypo-functional and hyper-functional states respectively. Using the life coefficients obtained from the GDV- grams of all regarding the fingertips from the left and right hands, the GDV-software constructs a GDV-diagram that presents a comprehensive view regarding the life states of all the organs or organs systems. The GDV-diagram of an lone a sample is shown in Figure 5 is represented creating use of 3 curves of red and blue color and each of these curves is divided into different sectors whose radius correspond to life coefficient values observed for the sector. Each sector within the GDV-diagram is characteristic of a critical organ or organ system. The curve together with the red color represents the GDV image taken without creating use of the glass filter and it captures the functionality regarding the organs or organ processes characteristic regarding the psycho-emotional status of an individual.

The curve together with the blue color represents the GDV image taken creating use of the filter and it captures the functionality regarding the organs or organ processes characteristic regarding the physiological status regarding the individual. For better visualization of coefficient distribution, the circles are presented in 3 colors: pink, lime and yellow corresponding to grades below norm i. , hypo- functional, norm normal and above norm hyper- functional respectively. In addition to static snapshots regarding the fingertips, one. could also collect dynamic GDV-grams to monitor the changes within the physiological and psycho-emotional states of an lone while performing a critical activity.

The dynamic GDV-grams shall be used to monitor an lone over a period of time during sure things for example watching a video, test, public speaking; investigate the psycho-physiological dynamics that shall take location and correlate them together with the content. The GDV-grams are a series of static snapshots regarding the fingertips collected at a standard interval. In Figures six and 6, we display a sequence of GDV-grams collected for every minute, illustrating the life status changes of non-native and native speakers while watching a 3-minute movie in English. A visual interpretation regarding the 3 sets of GDV-grams indicates that the non-native speakers undergo serious changes in their life states while watching a movie that affects their emotional anxiety, while there exists no significant changes within the life states regarding the native speakers watching the similar to movie. Figure 5: Dynamic GDV-grams of a Non-native Speaker while Watching a Movie in English.

Figure 6: Dynamic GDV-grams of a Native Speaker while Watching a Movie in English. Pilot Learn of ESL Learning Process Creating use of GDV Technique. Four worldwide students of Turkish, Vietnamese and Chinese origin right paw dominant at the English like a 2nd Language Institute ELSI, Jackson State University, volunteered to participate in our study. We have chosen to initially learn auditory comprehension anxiety due to the fact that of our conjecture that listening skill is the hardest to master in 2nd language learning. Our hypothesis in this pilot learn is that being non-native speakers, these individuals shall have increased expression of anxiety associated with language tasks in English, mostly together with the listening comprehension section.

All the students were enrolled within the moderate position of English like a 2nd Language course at ELSI. The students signed the consent shape in compliance together with the person Institutional Review Board IRB and the purpose regarding the procedure was explained to them regarding to guidelines regarding the person IRB. Seven individuals were recruited and participated within first phase of GDV recordings; however, only 4 participants completed the experimental protocol. 3 students did not display up due to the fact that of lack of understanding of instructions provided in English language. We recorded 3 sets regarding the static images of electro-.

photonic emission around the students' fingertips in an above intensity electromagnetic field generated by electro- photonic impulse analyzer, prior to and subsequent to the listening comprehension tasks. 1: Activation Coefficient for Student two Figure 7. 2: Activation Coefficient for Student 3 Figure 7. 3: Activation Coefficient for Student 4 Figure 7. 4: Activation Coefficient for Student 2.

Figure 7: The Distribution regarding the Activation Coefficient within the 4 ESL Participants Prior to and Subsequent to Receiving the Listening Test. The recording regarding the images was done with and without filter. 3 integral parameters, activation coefficient and integral entropy, were analyzed and were regarded as potential indicators for the measure of anxiety regarding the student participants. Regarding to Korotkov [5], activation coefficient is an average regarding the absolute magnitude of difference regarding the life coefficients of diagrams created creating use of GDV images captured with and without filter receiving corresponding dispersions. The proposed 0-10 scale of anxiety based on the.

activation coefficient is divided into 4 primary parts: 0-2 little position of anxiety, 2-4 normal position of anxiety, 4-8 high position of anxiety and 8-10 distress, altered state of consciousness. The activation coefficient regarding the 4 ESL participants prior to and subsequent to receiving the listening comprehension test is shown in Figure 7. As seen in this figure, the activation coefficient of 3 regarding the 4 participants was high prior to the test and little subsequent to the test. The activation coefficient of these participants decreased from 5. 12 13% decrease and 5.

For the fourth participant, the activation coefficient increased subsequent to the test from 2. 97 prior to the test to 3. 28 subsequent to the test 10% increase. We should expect the anxiety to leave up subsequent to the listening comprehension activities. However, for 4 out regarding the 5 ESL participants, we not ever observe an increase within the activation coefficient subsequent to the listening test.

1: Integral Entropy for Student two Figure 8. 2: Activation Coefficient for Student 3 Figure 8. 3: Integral Entropy for Student 4 Figure 8. 4: Activation Coefficient for Student 4. Figure 8: The Distribution regarding the Integral Entropy within the 4 ESL Participants Prior to and Subsequent to Receiving the Listening Test.

Thus, the proposed anxiety scale 0-10 subsequent to Korotkov cannot be used for the evaluating anxiety within the ESL listening comprehension task, though we not ever exclude the possibility of creating use of the activation coefficient like a measure of evaluating anxiety for other language things for example speaking, reading and writing. On the other hand, the distribution of integral entropy. has shown very promising results. Integral entropy is a measure regarding the deviation from the physiological and psycho-emotional balance. The proposed scale of anxiety based on integral entropy is divided into 4 primary parts:.

0-1 little position of anxiety, 1-2 normal position of anxiety, 2-. 4 high position of anxiety and > 5 very high position of anxiety. As presented in Figure 8, the integral entropy position of all the 4 ESL participants, measured creating use of the GDV-grams for the left paw corresponding to right hemisphere regarding the person brain, increased subsequent to the test when compared to values obtained prior to the test. The integral entropy position regarding the student participants increased from 1. 06 19% increase and from 1.

Hence, we contemplate on creating use of integral entropy like a measure regarding the anxiety of learning English like a 2nd Language, at fewest for the listening tasks, vindicated by the conclusions in our pilot study. Our preference for integral entropy like a measure of anxiety shall also be justified by the following observations from the literature on Chaos or Complexity Science and 2nd Language Acquisition [41] and the recent discovery within the literature that the right hemisphere is more involved in 2nd language learners who are fewer familiar and fewer trained within the language [42]. According to Larsen-Freeman [41], language learning. is a dynamic, complex, open, self-organizing, feedback sensitive task, and is constrained by strange attractors. It is complex, due to the fact that a multitude of interacting factors are involved within the ESL learning process.

Learning new vocabulary is a nonlinear process, for example, the student can listen to text with familiar words and look comfortable in performance, but the moment the teacher introduces new words, rather than creating progress, the student's performance becomes fewer proficient, due to the fact that subsequent to the introduction of new unfamiliar words, the system the student has constructed in his mind implodes. Therefore, orderly periods are very frequently followed by periods of chaos, mostly when something new is introduced and students should adjust an special content to their understanding and awareness. Order, eventually, shall be restored through interaction with others. The integral entropy metric captures the fluctuations within the physiological and psycho-emotional parameters regarding the lone from an orderly status to a disorderly status and vice-versa. The conclusions of a very recent learn demonstrated the significant difference between the proficiency position and hemisphere involvement in language processing.

It was shown that the right hemisphere regarding the person cerebrum is more involved and hence contributes to an increase within the entropy in 2nd language learners with fewer skills development and fewer training [42]. The conclusions of our pilot learn give empirical evidence to above finding and display that listening comprehension tasks in English like a 2nd Language activate functioning regarding the right hemisphere regarding the person brain, that is responsible for parsing and analyzing the semantic and phonetic characteristics regarding the language. 5 Conclusions and Future Work. Biometrics are used within the identification of special features based on anatomical, physiological and psychological parameters of an individual. Computational Bio- electography based on GDV technique is a biometric tool to identify special signatures expressed by individuals at physiological and psycho-emotional levels.

Learning of English like a 2nd language ESL is a process that is accompanied by anxiety, which can negatively influence the performance of students. In this paper, we have demonstrated the use of GDV to measure, quantify and visualize the anxiety grades of ESL learners. We identify the integral entropy measured by GDV as the appropriate parameter to quantify and visualize the increase in anxiety. As observed from the conclusions of our pilot study, the integral entropy of an ESL learner who has gone through a listening comprehension task increases by 7%-18%. Our conclusion regarding the use of integral entropy, based on the images collected from the left paw corresponding to right hemisphere, shall also be substantiated by recent findings on EEG Electro-encephalogram synchronization within the literature.

Thus, GDV like a biometric tool should be used to learn anxiety associated with ESL learning and in other parts of education. We anticipate that the integral entropy should possibly be used to capture the anxiety grades of ESL learners for other language things for example reading, writing and speaking and this shall be verified in our future work. As component of future work, we should also develop computational models that can identify special biological signatures that are characteristic regarding the anxiety position of an ESL learner for a critical language activity. Biometrics Sensors, Algorithms and Systems. Huang Understanding Forensic Digital Imaging.

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